Immunological System Pathology 1 - Virology

Question 1

What lymphoid cell is most affected by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?

Answer 1

B lymphocytes

Question 2

What two diseases are associated with EBV?

Answer 2

Infectious mononucleosis

Chronic fatigue syndrome

Question 3

What infection is defined by the appearance of multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions inside organ tissues?

Answer 3

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 4

How is EBV distinguished from CMV?

Answer 4

Monospot test for EBV (heterophile antibodies) or by detecting anti-cmv IgM in a blood sample

Question 5

What is the gold standard test for CMV?

Answer 5

Tissue culture

Question 6

What is the characteristic finding found in tissue staining for CMV?

Answer 6

“Owl’s eyes” bodies, otherwise known as basophilic intranuclear inclusion body surrounded by a clear halo.

Question 7

Human herpes virus-6 is associated with what exanthum?

Answer 7

Roseola infantum

Question 8

Roseola infantum is associated with what characteristic macular rash? What other virus can cause this?

Answer 8

The slapped cheek rash; parvovirus B19 (a.k.a. erythrovirus B19)

Question 9

What are the four pathogenic viruses in the Paramyxovirus family?

Answer 9

Measles

Mumps

Respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)

Parainfluenza viruses.

Question 10

What virus is associated with German measles?

Answer 10

Rubella

Question 11

What is the incubation period of rubella?

Answer 11

14-21 days

Question 12

Rubella infection is associated with what outcome if contracted by pregnant women?

Answer 12

Congenital malformation in the heart, the eyes, and/or brain in the fetus in the first trimester.

Question 13

How is rubella spread?

Answer 13

Respiratory droplets

Question 14

What is the name of the virus that causes measles?

Answer 14

Rubeola

Question 15

What skin presentation is virtually diagnostic for measles? Where does it appear? What does it look like?

Answer 15

Koplik’s spots on the buccal mucosa; bright red lesions with a white center.

Question 16

What is the incubation period for measles?

Answer 16

7-14 days.

Question 17

What are the prodromal signs and symptoms of measles?

Answer 17

Fever

Cough

Rhinitis

Conjunctivitis

Question 18

What symptoms typically accompany the rash of measles?

Answer 18

(1) Photophobia

(2) Cough

(3) Conjunctivitis

(4) Pruritis

(5) Leukopenia

(6) Leukocytosis

Question 19

What progressive, usually fatal brain disorder is associated with measles?

Answer 19

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Question 20

Where are the most common sites for common warts?

Answer 20

Fingers

Hands

Elbows

Question 21

How is mumps transmitted?

Answer 21

Respiratory droplets

Question 22

What is the incubation period of mumps?

Answer 22

14-24 days

Question 23

Mumps is initially associated with the swelling of what tissue?

Answer 23

Parotid glands

Question 24

What condition in postpubertal males is associated with mumps?

Answer 24

Bilateral orchitis

Question 25

The common cold is caused most commonly by which viruses?

Answer 25

Rhinovirus, coronavirus, rsv, adenovirus, parainfluenza, metapneumovirus

Question 26

Epidemics of influenza are associated with what strain of the virus? Why?

Answer 26

Influenza A, related to its large number of hosts (compared to influenza B which infects only humans and seals).

Question 27

Pandemics of influenza are associated with what changes in the virus?

Answer 27

Antigenic shift, major changes in rna

Question 28

How is Coxsackie virus spread?

Answer 28

Fecal-oral route

Question 29

What diseases are associated with coxsackie virus?

Answer 29

Myocarditis/pericarditis Meningitis/encephalitis Respiratory infections Hand-foot-mouth disease

Question 30

The rhabdovirus is associated with what disease?

Answer 30

Rabies

Question 31

The formation of what in the cns is a hallmark sign of rabies?

Answer 31

Negri bodies

Question 32

What is the incubation period of rabies?

Answer 32

30-50 days

Question 33

Alpha and flavi viruses are spread by what vector?

Answer 33

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

Question 34

What three diseases are associated with alpha and flavi viruses?

Answer 34

Yellow fever Dengue fever Viral encephalitis e.g. St. Louis and West Nile virus

Question 35

Human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has tropism for what types of cells in the body?

Answer 35

CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes

Question 36

What are the most common routes of hiv transmission?

Answer 36

Contact with blood Sexual intercourse with exchange of bodily fluids Placentally During birth Via breast milk

Question 37

How is a preliminary diagnosis of hiv made?

Answer 37

Via a positive elisa test

Question 38

If a patient gets a positive elisa test what do you follow up with?

Answer 38

A confirmatory Western Blot test

Question 39

What does it mean that hiv is a retrovirus?

Answer 39

RNA virus that uses reverse transcriptase in a host cell to generate DNA which is then incorporated into the host genome via integrase so that the virus can then be replicated by the host cell.

Question 40

What is envelope of an enveloped virus made of?

Answer 40

Host plasma membrane lipids and glycoproteins and some viral glycoproteins.

Question 41

What are the most important enveloped viruses in medicine?

Answer 41

Herpes and pox viruses Dengue and yellow fever Rubella Viral encephalitis HBV and HDV Influenza, RSV, metapneumonavirus, parainfluenza Rabies Retroviruses