Integumentary System Pathology 1 - Dermatology & ophthalmology

Question 1

What are the two major organisms that cause impetigo?

Answer 1

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A, beta-hemolytic)

Question 2

What type of toxin is responsible for the scalded skin syndrome of Staphylococcus aureus infection?

Answer 2

Exfoliatin

Question 3

What organism is associated with hot tubs and can cause folliculitis?

Answer 3

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 4

What causes gas gangrene?

Answer 4

Clostridium perfringens

Question 5

What organism causes most boils, carbuncles, and impetigo?

Answer 5

Staphylococcus aureus

Question 6

What is the medical name for ringworm?

Answer 6

Tinea corporis

Question 7

What are the different types of Tinea?

Answer 7

Tinea cruris (groin)

Tinea pedis (feet)

Tinea corporis (face, trunk, limbs)

Tinea capitis (scalp)

Tinea barbae (beard)

Tinea manuum (hands)

Question 8

How are herpes simplex viruses (hsv) mainly transmitted?

Answer 8

Salivary or vesicle fluid contact, can be infected by asymptomatic shedding

Question 9

What can cause a relapse of hsv?

Answer 9

Stress, hormonal fluctuations, environmental changes, illness, dietary factors

Question 10

What are common locations for hsv-1 outbreaks?

Answer 10

Face, lips

Question 11

Is the initial lesion of herpes painful or painless?

Answer 11

Painful

Question 12

What are the most common tests for diagnosing hsv infection?

Answer 12

Cell culture, elisa or pcr testing

Question 13

Downey cells or atypical lymphocytes are seen in infection with what virus?

Answer 13

EBV

Question 14

What is the virus that causes chickenpox (varicella)?

Answer 14

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)

Question 15

Painful vesicles that emerge along a dermatome are associated with what disease?

Answer 15

Shingles (herpes zoster)

Question 16

What is the incubation period for chicken-pox?

Answer 16

14-21 days

Question 17

What type of rash is associated with chicken-pox?

Answer 17

Pruritic (itchy), papulovesicular rash

Question 18

Warts on the feet are called what?

Answer 18

Plantar warts

Question 19

What is urticaria?

Answer 19

Flattened, fluid-filled, pruritic vesicles appearing in response to a type I hypersensitivity reaction

Question 20

How do all eczemas generally present?

Answer 20

Redness, unclear margins, scaling, pruritis, and lichenification

Question 21

Atopic dermatitis is frequently associated with what conditions?

Answer 21

Asthma and hay fever

Question 22

Seborrheic dermatitis is generally associated with what type of inflammatory reaction?

Answer 22

Inflammatory response to Pityrosporum yeasts and their breakdown products

Question 23

What causes contact dermatitis?

Answer 23

Acute exposure to an antigenic substance

Question 24

What is erythema multiforme?

Answer 24

Sudden inflammatory reaction causing symmetric erythematous, edematous, or bullous lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, possibly due to drugs or infectious agents

Question 25

Where does psoriasis most commonly occur?

Answer 25

Extensor surfaces of elbows and knees

Question 26

What are the four Ps of licen planus?

Answer 26

Pruritic Polygonal-shaped Pink papules Purple papules

Question 27

What are the two types of pemphigous?

Answer 27

(1) Pemphigus vulgaris: most severe form, with intraepidermal bullae that begin in the mouth and spread (2) Bullous pemphigoid: less severe form, with itchy bullae

Question 28

What are seborrheic keratoses?

Answer 28

Benign neoplasm affected older individuals that have a pasted on appearance

Question 29

What is the underlying infection in verrucae (warts)?

Answer 29

Infection with human papilloma virus (hpv)

Question 30

Actinic keratoses have a propensity to develop into what skin condition?

Answer 30

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 31

How does basal cell carcinoma present?

Answer 31

As a pearly papule on sun-exposed skin

Question 32

If a nevi (mole) is changing shape or becoming irregular or ill defined, what might be necessary?

Answer 32

Biopsy to assess for melanoma

Question 33

What occurs during the development of melanoma?

Answer 33

(1) Initial growth is radial and without metastasis, so is most easily cured in this stage (2) Subsequent growth is vertical through the tissues and metastasis more common, with a worse prognosis

Question 34

An infection in the tarsal glands resulting in a cyst is called what?

Answer 34

Chalazion

Question 35

Glaucoma is caused by what?

Answer 35

A blockage of the canal of Schlemm resulting in a build-up of aqueous humor and thus the intraocular pressure

Question 36

What is the medical term for being nearsighted?

Answer 36

Myopia, which is due to a long eyeball

Question 37

Vitamin A deficiency can lead to what?

Answer 37

Rod degeneration which causes night blindness

Question 38

Congenital weakness of external eye muscle can cause what?

Answer 38

Strabismus

Question 39

What ocular pathology is associated with auto-immune conditions?

Answer 39

Uveitis

Question 40

What are the keynotes of hypertensive retinopathy?

Answer 40

(1) Narrowing and irregularity of retinal arteries (2) Arteriovenous nicking (3) Blot retinal hemorrhages (4) Microaneurysms (5) Cotton-wool spots

Question 41

What are the key features of diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 41

(1) Microaneurysms (2) Retinal hemorrhages (3) Retinal lipid exudates (4) Cotton-wool spots (5) Capillary nonperfusion (6) Macular edema (7) Neovascularization