Integumentary System Physiology 1 - Cellular Physiology

Question 1

What are the 3 types of epithelium?

Answer 1

Simple

Pseudostratified

Stratified

Question 2

What are the 3 shapes of epithelial cells?

Answer 2

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Question 3

Which organelle regulates and initiates all cellular activity?

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

Which organelle is the site of synthesis of ribosomal rna?

Answer 4

Nucleolus

Question 5

Which organelle is the site of energy production?

Answer 5

Mitochondrion

Question 6

Which organelle is the storage area for calcium?

Answer 6

Mitochondrion

Question 7

Which ER had ribosomes?

Answer 7

Rough ER

Question 8

In which organelle does protein synthesis take place?

Answer 8

Rough ER

Question 9

In which organelle does CHO, steroid and fat synthesis take place?

Answer 9

Smooth ER

Question 10

Protein containing vesicles leave the rough ER destined for which organelle?

Answer 10

The Golgi apparatus

Question 11

Which organelle modifies proteins by adding CHO to make glycoproteins?

Answer 11

Golgi apparatus

Question 12

What is the machinery of intracellular digestion of cellular debris called?

Answer 12

Lysosomes

Question 13

What are the names of particles that contain the machinery for translation of genetic code into protein?

Answer 13

Ribosomes

Question 14

Where do peroxisomes orginate?

Answer 14

From the smooth ER

Question 15

What role do Glycolipids play in the cell membrane?

Answer 15

They are responsible for intercellular communications (usually comprised of sphingolipids.)

Question 16

What structures help distribute cell organelles, transport macromolecules within the cell and help shape the cell during differentiation?

Answer 16

Microtubules

Question 17

What is the name for microfilaments in muscle?

Answer 17

Myofilaments

Question 18

What organelle has a high concentration of oxidative enzymes?

Answer 18

Peroxisomes

Question 19

What structure gives membrane its integrity?

Answer 19

Phospholipids

Question 20

What are the three most common phospholipids in the cell’s membrane?

Answer 20

Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylserine, and Phosphatidylethanolamine

Question 21

What does an increase in cholesterol do to the membrane?

Answer 21

It decreases the fluidity of the membrane making it hard and less permeable

Question 22

Active transport requires what?

Answer 22

ATP

Question 23

Facilitated transport requires what?

Answer 23

Specific membrane transport protein

Question 24

How does a substance move in passive transport?

Answer 24

Via simple diffusion down its concentration gradient

Question 25

Transportation in and out of a cell is termed what?

Answer 25

Endocytosis and exocytosis

Question 26

What are the 3 types of endocytosis?

Answer 26

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 27

How does water move in osmosis?

Answer 27

Water moves form an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.

Question 28

How do RBCs react to an isotonic solution?

Answer 28

No change in size

Question 29

How do RBCs react to a hypertonic solution?

Answer 29

They shrink. In hypertonic solution, the water in the RBC leaves the RBC to dilute the solution with more solutes (to achieve solute balance). Consequently, the RBC shrinks in size.

Question 30

How do RBCs react to a hypotonic solution?

Answer 30

They swell. In hypotonic solution, water leaves the solution to dilute the relatively greater amount of solutes within the RBC (to achieve solute balance). Consequently, the RBC swells in size.

Question 31

Large particles moving into a cell by invagination of the cell membrane is a process of what?

Answer 31

Phagocytosis. Versus pinocytosis is of smaller particles.

Question 32

List 4 support cells?

Answer 32

Fibroblasts, Chondrocyte, Osteoblast, Myofibroblast, Adipocyte

Question 33

True or False: Myofibroblasts help with retraction of fibrocollagenous scars?

Answer 33

True, they activate during the repair phase of tissue damage. They produce collagen and contract in order to reduce the physical size of the wound

Question 34

What are 7 epithelial cell junctions?

Answer 34

Occluding or Tight junction Anchoring junction Adherent junction Desmosomes Hemidesmosome Junctional complex Gap or Communication Junctions

Question 35

What makes up the extracellular matrix and what produces it?

Answer 35

Support cells produce the extracellular matrix which is mainly composed of fibrillar proteins and glycosaminoglycans

Question 36

What are the 2 types of adipocytes?

Answer 36

Unilocular (e.g. white fat) and multilocular (e.g. brown fat)

Question 37

Which adipocyte is more prominent in infants?

Answer 37

Multilocular, which contain numerous mitochondria and lipid vacuoles which allow for greater heat generation through fat breakdown