Pulmonary System Anatomy 1

Question 1

What are the 4 sinuses?

Answer 1

Sphenoid

Frontal

Maxillary

Ethmoid

Question 2

What sinus drains into the nasal cavity?

Answer 2

Maxillary sinus

Question 3

Which meatus contains openings of maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses?

Answer 3

Middle meatus. So do the frontal and ethmoid sinuses (but not the sphenoid sinus).

Question 4

What makes up the lateral walls of the nose?

Answer 4

The conchae

Question 5

Which conch is a separate bone and contains erectile tissue?

Answer 5

Inferior concha

Question 6

What arteries supply the nose?

Answer 6

Ant. & post. ethmoidal from the opthalmic artery

Sphenopalatine and greater palatine from the maxillary artery

Question 7

What is the hayfever ganglion?

Answer 7

Pterygopalatine ganglion mandibular division of CN V

Question 8

The larynx can be found between which vertebrae?

Answer 8

Between the levels of C3-C6

Question 9

The trachea can be found between which vertebrae?

Answer 9

Between the levels of C6-T4

Question 10

The thyroid cartilage attaches to which cartilage?

Answer 10

Cricoid

Question 11

What is the working cartilage of the larynx?

Answer 11

Arytenoid

Question 12

What cartilage sits atop the arytenoid cartilage?

Answer 12

Corniculate cartilage

Question 13

What is the space between the vocal cords called?

Answer 13

Rima glottidis or glottis

Question 14

What is in the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 14

Thymus gland

Question 15

What is in the middle mediastinum?

Answer 15

Heart

pericardium

Question 16

What is in the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 16

Esophagus

Descending aorta

Azygos veins Thoracic duct

Sympathetic trunk

Question 17

What is in the superior mediastinum?

Answer 17

Aortic arch

Brachiocephalic veins

Phrenic nerve

Vagus nerve

Question 18

What are the three layers of the trachea?

Answer 18

Mucosa, submucosa, and adventitia

Question 19

At what level of the vertebral column does bifurcation of the trachea occur?

Answer 19

T4

Question 20

Foreign objects are more likely to get caught in which lung?

Answer 20

The right lung, because the right pulmonary bronchi is wider, shorter and more vertical than the left

Question 21

What are the subdivision of the bronchial tree?

Answer 21

Trachea –> principle bronchus –> lobar bronchus –> segmental bronchus –> terminal bronchiole –> respiratory bronchiole –> alveolar duct –> alveolar sac –> alveolus

Question 22

What cells are found within the bronchiolar epithelium?

Answer 22

Clara cells

Question 23

What cells make up the alveolar epithelium?

Answer 23

Type I alveolar cells

Type II alveolar cells

Alveolar macrophages

Question 24

What adheres lung to thoracic cage, diaphragm and pericardium?

Answer 24

Parietal pleura

Question 25

What is the thin layer over the lung called?

Answer 25

Visceral pleura

Question 26

What is it called when you get a loss of vacuum between the visceral and parietal pleura?

Answer 26

Pneumothorax

Question 27

What carries blood from aorta to lung tissue?

Answer 27

Bronchial artery

Question 28

What carries blood from lung tissue to azygos veins?

Answer 28

Bronchial vein

Question 29

What carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to alveoli?

Answer 29

Pulmonary artery

Question 30

What carries oxygenated blood from alveoli to left atrium?

Answer 30

Pulmonary vein

Question 31

What is the location of passage of bronchi, blood vessels and nerves?

Answer 31

The hilum of the lung

Question 32

Which lung has a horizontal fissure?

Answer 32

Right

Question 33

The cardiac notch is found in which lung?

Answer 33

Left

Question 34

What is the projection of the upper lobe of the left lung called?

Answer 34

Lingula

Question 35

What nerve innervates the lungs?

Answer 35

CN X (Vagus nerve)

Question 36

True or false: The pulmonary plexus is filled with autonomic nerve fibers that innervate the lungs?

Answer 36

True, the pulmonary plexus is composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that control the lungs.

Question 37

What constricts bronchioles?

Answer 37

Parasympathetics

Question 38

What dilates bronchioles?

Answer 38

Sympathetics