Immunosero Lec M2 Flashcards by Ellyza Msc

Study of the host’s reaction when an antigen (foreign
substances) are introduced into the body

Immunology

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The Latin word for Immunity

Immunitas

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What does “Immunitas” mean

The protection from legal prosecution offered to Roman senators during their tenures in office

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Ability to resist damage from foreign substances such as microorganisms, harmful chemicals and internal
threats

Immunity

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Organs in which cells undergo maturation, and/or
differentiation, and proliferation.

Lymphoid Tissue/Organs

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2 Categories of Immunity

Innate (Non-Specific) Immunity
Adaptive (Specific) Immunity

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can be characterized as a large discriminating filter

Spleen

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Served by splenic artery & vein, which enter & exit at the hilus

Spleen

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Stores breakdown products of RBCs (eg. iron) for
later reuse; known as the graveyard of RBCs

Spleen

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Functions of Spleen

-Site of lymphocyte proliferation and immune
surveillance and response

-Cleanses the blood of aged cells and platelet
and debris.

-Removes and destroys damaged and old RBCs
and platelets from circulating blood.

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3 Barriers of Invasion

Non-specific Physical and Chemical defense
Innate/natural Immunity
Adaptive/acquired immunity

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Site of fetal erythrocyte production (normally
ceases after birth)

Spleen

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Which part of the spleen do RBCs get destroyed?

Red pulp

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What does the a periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) in the white pulp mainly contain of?

T Cells

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Surrounding the PALS is a marginal zone containing _______ that trap antigen.

Dendritic Cells

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Immune cells present in the dermis include helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and macrophages

Cutaneous Immune System

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consist of diffusely distributed lymphoid cells and follicles that underlie all regions coated with
mucosa.

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

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What is the main difference between MALT and other lymphoid tissues?

most mucosal tissue immune components are not encapsulated, but instead are scattered diffusely.

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MALT associated with gastrointestinal tract

GALT

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MALT associated with trachea and bronchi

BALT

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Long life-spanned, thymus-dependent.

T-Cells (T-Lymphocytes)

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What barrier is involved when your body reacts by sneezing and diarrhea

Non-specific Physical and Chemical defense

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Aid in B cell differentiation and stimulate other
T cell populations (CYTOKINE SECRETION).

CD4+ cells

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Humoral Defense Mechanism is more important in protection against ________.

Intracellular pathogens

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When a person suffers from stress or fatigue, what happens to the immune system?

Decrease immune system

to alarm T cells and other CD8+ cells, and other WBCs like neutrophil.

Cytokine secretion

Secrete lymphotoxins - toxic substance for the pathogen.

CD8+ cells

Releases perforins which destroys cells recognized as foreign.

CD8+ cells

Short-life spanned, thymus-independent.

B-Cells (B-Lymphocytes)

Involved in humoral (antibody production) immunity

B-Cells (B-Lymphocytes)

In cellular adaptive immunity it will involve ______

T cell

In Humoral adaptive immunity it will involve_______

B cell

True or False Each B cell clone is a population of B cells that can recognize the same antigenic epitope

True

Antibodies belong to which barrier of invasion?

Adaptive/ acquired immunity

True or False all the B cells in one clone cannot have identical B cell receptors.

False all the B cells in one clone have identical B cell receptors.

Cells found in Cell Mediated Immunity

T-Cells

Resistance to an infection by means of normally present body functions

Innate Immunity

Cells found in Humoral Immunity

B-Cells

Attacks antigens displayed by infected cells

T-Cells

Factors affecting natural Immunity

Age, Fatigue, stress and genetic determinants

Secretes antibodies that defend against extracellular pathogens

B-Cells

Attacks infected cells

T-cells

Attacks invaders outside the cells

B-cells

Activate one of the pathways of compliment

Mannose Binding Protein

A white blood cell that responds to parasitic infection and helminthic infections and allergy

Eosinophil

Help activate macrophages and cytotoxic T-cells

T helper 1 cells

Help activate B cells

T helper 2 cells

Help recruit neutrophils and macrophages

T helper 17 cells

Cell that found in peripheral blood circulation

Basophil

Also referred as CD8+ T cells

T cytotoxic cells

Mast cells are found in _____.

Tissues

Secrete lymphotoxins

CD8+ T Cells

Monocytes migrates to the tissues it will become_______.

Macrophages

Where can you found alveolar macrophage

lungs

What cell can be found in our brain

Microglial cells

Most potent phagocytic cell in the tissue

Dendritic Cells

how many percent of lymphocytes in Nk cells that can mediate cytolytic reaction

15%

enzyme with antibacterial activity found in tears, saliva, and other cells.

Lysozyme

heat-stable cationic substance with bactericidal activity.

Betalysin

serum protein with bactericidal and viricidal effects

Properdin

Responds to bacterial infection

Neutrophil

group of about 20 proteins that make up approximately 10% of the globulin part of plasma

Complement

acts as antiviral agents

Interferons

induced lysis in tumor cells

Tumor Necrosis Factor

True or False 97% of T and B cells are destroyed

True

intercellular signaling polypeptides

cytokines

makes up more than one-half of the total volume, and its function is to destroy old red blood cells

Red pulp

Protects neutrophil from photolytic damage

Alpha1-Antitrypsin

Which splenic tissue does engulfment of RBCs after 120 days

Red pulp

comprises approximately 20 percent of the total weight of the spleen and contains the lymphoid tissue, which is arranged around arterioles in a periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)

White Pulp

It helps immune cell enter tumor cells

Ceruloplasmin

Interfere with viral replication, acts as antiviral agents, immunomodulators, and antineoplastic agents

Interlukin

Which organ can you find the majority of platelets?

Spleen

True or False 70% platelets are found in the spleen, while the remaining 30% is found in the peripheral blood

True

Two components of skin

Epidermis and Dermis

the macrophage of the skin

Langerhans Cell

secretions: tears, sweat, urine, and saliva

External defense mechanis

Type of immunity that is composed of phagocytic cells

Innate Immunity

Where can the Langerhans Cells be found

Stratum spinosum

Type of immunity that is composed of lymphocytes

Adaptive immunity

2 parts of Internal defense system

Inflammation Phagocytosis

A complex sequence of events involving many of the chemical mediators & cells of innate immunity.

Inflammation

Type of acquired immunity that is developed by injection of synthetic or biological preparations such as a vaccine, toxin, or toxoid

Active artificial immunity

confined to specific area of body

Local Inflammation

Rubor

Redness

Callor

Heat

Dolor

Pain

Type of acquired immunity that occurs when a person recovers from an infection

Active natural immunity

Tumor

Swelling

Funcio Lassia

Loss of Function

Soluble mediator systems

Cytokines, chemokines, defensins

inflammatory response that occurs in many parts of body

Systematic Inflammation

Fever is what cardinal sign of inflammation?

Callor (Heat)

Phagocytosis was discovered by

Ellie Metchnikoff

Most important function of internal defense system which results in destruction of foreign cells & organisms

Phagocytosis

Acid pH that keeps microorganisms from growing

5.6

Immunity characterized by specificity for each individual pathogen or microbial agent

Adaptive or Acquired immunity

Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by what?

T-cells

Humoral immunity is mediated by what?

B-cells

What immunity produces his/her own antibodies?

Active

What immunity receives antibodies?

Passive

The immunity that takes effect over time and lasts long-term to lifelong

Active

This immunity takes effect immediately and lasts short-term

Passive

What enhances the ability of phagocytes and calls more phagocytes to the site of infection

Soluble effector molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and defensins

Organs in which immune cells undergo maturation, differentiation, and/or proliferation

Lymphoid organs

Primary Lymphoid organs

Bone marrow and Thymus

Secondary Lymphoid organs

Spleen, Lymph nodes, Tonsils, Appendix, etc.

Process of development of different blood cells from pluripotent stem cells

Hematopoiesis

Largest tissue of the body and the site for hematopoiesis

Bone marrow

Immunosero Lec M2 Flashcards

(109 cards)