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Boards Chiro Essentials > Important Musculature > Flashcards

Important Musculature Flashcards

(115 cards)

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1
Q

What is the origin of the SCM?

A

Mastoid process, lateral 1/3 of the superior nuchal line

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2
Q

What is the insertion of the SCM?

A

Manubrium and medial 1/3 of the clavicle

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3
Q

What innervates the SCM?

A

Spinal part of CN XI and ventral rami of C2/C3

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4
Q

What action does the SCM carry out?

A

Tilts the head towards the shoulder on the same side and rotates the head to the contralateral side

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5
Q

What is the origin of the trapezius?

A

Medial 1/3 of the superior nuchal line, EOP, Ligamentum Nuchae, Spinous process of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae

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6
Q

What is the insertion of the trapezius?

A

Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion, and spin of the scapula

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7
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius?

A

Spinal part of CN XI and C3/C4

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8
Q

What action does the trapezius carry out?

A

Shrugs the shoulders, retracts and rotates the scapula

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9
Q

Where does the latissimus dorsi originate?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia, spinous process of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

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10
Q

Where does the latissimus dorsi insert into?

A

Floor of the bicipital groove

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11
Q

What innervates the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)

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12
Q

What actions does the latissimus dorsi carry out?

A

Adducts, extends, and medially rotates the arm

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13
Q

What is the origin of the levator scapulae?

A

Transverse processes of C1/C2, Posterior tubercles of C3/C4

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14
Q

What is the insertion of the levator scapulae?

A

Superior angle of the scapula to the rood of the spine of the scapula

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal Scapular Never C5

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16
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

A

Elevate the scapula

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17
Q

What is the origin of the scalenus anterior?

A

Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3-6

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18
Q

What is the insertion of the scalenus anterior?

A

Scalene tubercle of the first rib

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the scalenus anterior?

A

C4-6 anterior rami

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20
Q

What is the action of the scalenus anterior?

A

Ipsilateral lateral flexion of the neck

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21
Q

What is the origin of the scalenus medius?

A

Posterior tubercles of the transvers processes of C2-C6

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22
Q

Where does the scalenus medius insert?

A

Upper aspect of rib 1 between the groove for the subclavian artery and the tubercle

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23
Q

What is the innervation of the scalenus medius?

A

C3-C7 anterior rami

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24
Q

What is the action of the scalenus medius?

A

Ipsilateral flexion of the neck

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25
What is the origin of the serratus anterior?
Lateral aspect of the upper 8 ribs
26
What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?
The medial aspect of the inferior surface of the scapula
27
What is the innervation of the serratus anterior?
Long Thoracic Nerve C5-7
28
What is the action of the serratus anterior?
Draws the scapula forward and rotates it
29
What is the origin of the deltoid?
Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
30
What is the insertion of the deltoid?
Deltoid tubercle of the humerus
31
What is the innervation of the deltoid?
Axillary nerve C5, C6
32
What is the action of the deltoid?
Adducts the arm (15-90 degrees), Anterior fibers flex and medially rotate the arm, Posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate the arm
33
What is the origin of pectoralis major?
Sternum, Upper 6 costal cartilages, and medial half of the clavicle
34
What is the insertion of pectoralis major?
Lateral lip of the bicipital groove
35
What is the innervation of pectoralis major?
Medial (C8-T1) and Lateral (C5-C7) pectoral nerves
36
What is the function of pectoralis major?
Adducts, flex, and medially rotates the arm; if the arm is flexed, it extends
37
What is the origin of supraspinatus?
Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
38
What is the insertion of supraspinatus?
Superior facet of the greater tuberosity of the humerus
39
What is the innervation of supraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve C5-C6
40
What is the action of supraspinatus?
Initiate Abduction (0-15 degrees)
41
What is the origin of the infraspinatus?
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
42
What is the insertion of the infraspinatus?
The middle facet of the greater tuberosity of the humerus
43
What innervates the infraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve C5-C6
44
What is the action of the infraspinatus?
Externally rotates the humerus
45
What is the origin of teres major?
Oval depression on the lateral aspect of the dorsum of the scapula above the inferior angle
46
What is the insertion of teres major?
Medial lip of the bicipital groove
47
What is the innervation of teres major?
Subscapular nerve (C5-6)
48
What is the action of teres major?
Extends, adducts and medially rotates the arm
49
What is the origin of teres minor?
Middle third of the lateral border of the scapula
50
What is the insertion of teres minor?
Inferior facet of the greater tuberosity of humerus
51
What is the innervation of teres minor?
Axillary nerve (C5-6)
52
What is the action of teres minor?
Externally rotate the arm
53
What is the origin of the subscapularis?
Medial 2/3s of the ventral aspect of the scapula
54
What is the insertion of the subscapularis?
Lesser tuberosity of the humerus
55
What is the innervation of the subscapularis?
Subscapular nerve (C5-6)
56
What is the action of the subscapularis?
Internally rotates and adducts the arm
57
What is the origin of the biceps brachii?
Coracoid process, supraglenoid tubercle
58
What is the insertion of the biceps brachii?
Radial tuberosity of the radius
59
What is the innervation of biceps brachii?
Musculocutaneous (C5-7)
60
What is the action biceps brachii?
Flex and supinate the elbow
61
What is the origin of triceps?
Infraglenoid Tubercle
62
What is the insertion of triceps?
Olecranon of the ulna
63
What is the innervation of the triceps?
Radial nerve
64
What is the action of the triceps?
Extends the forearm and adducts the arm
65
What is the origin of the brachioradialis?
Upper 2/3s of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
66
What is the insertion of the brachioradialis?
Base of the styloid process of the radius
67
What is the innervation of the brachioradialis?
Radial nerve
68
What is the origin of pronator teres?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus and the medial border of the coronoid process of ulna
69
What is the insertion of pronator teres?
Upper part of the radius
70
What is the innervation of pronator teres?
Median nerve
71
What is the action of pronator teres?
Pronates the forearm and flexes the elbow
72
What is the origin of psoas major?
Bodies, IVDs, and transverse process L1-L5
73
What is the insertion of psoas major?
Lesser trochanter of the femur
74
What is the innervation of the psoas major?
L2-4
75
What is the action of psoas major?
Flexes the thigh and trunk
76
What is the origin of gluteus maximus?
Ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament
77
What is the insertion of gluteus maximus?
Gluteal tuberosity of the femur (25%) AND Iliotibial band (75%)
78
What is the innervation of gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve (L4,L5, and S1)
79
What is the action of the gluteus maximus?
Extends and externally rotates the thigh
80
What is the origin of the piriformis?
Pelvic surface of sacrum
81
What is the insertion of the piriformis?
Medial aspect of the superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur
82
What is the innervation of the piriformis?
S1 and S2
83
What is the action of the piriformis?
Externally rotates the thigh
84
What is the origin of the tensor fascia lata?
Outer aspect of iliac crest
85
What is the insertion of the tensor fascia lata?
Iliotibial tract
86
What is the innervation of the tensor fascia lata?
Superior gluteal nerver (L4,L5,S1)
87
What is the action of the tensor fascia lata?
Maintains knee extension and abducts the thigh
88
What is the origin of the quadriceps femoris
AIIS (straight head of the rectus femoris), Superior rim of the acetabulum (reflected head of the rectus femoris), Femur (vastus medialis, intermedius, lateralis)
89
Where is the insertion of the quadriceps femoris?
Tibial tuberosity
90
Where is the innervation of the quadriceps?
L2-4
91
What is the action of the quadriceps femoris?
Extends the knee, stabilizes the patellar tendon which encloses the patella
92
What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?
Upper half of the lateral aspect of the tibial shaft and interosseus membrane
93
What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?
inferomedial aspect of the medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal bone
94
What innervates the tibialis anterior?
Deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5)
95
What is the action of tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot
96
What is the origin of extensor hallucis longus?
Middle half of anterior aspect of fibula, interosseus membrane
97
What is the insertion of extensor hallucis longus?
Base of the distal phalanx of the 1st toe
98
What is the innervation of the of extensor hallucis longus?
Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
99
What is the action of extensor hallucis longus?
Extends the big toe and dorsiflexes of the ankle
100
What is the origin of peroneus longus?
Lateral tibal condyle, head and upper lateral aspect of fibula
101
What is the insertion of peroneus longus?
Inferolateral aspect of of the medial cuneiform and base of 1st meta-tarsal
102
What is the innervation of peroneus longus?
Superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1)
103
What is the action of peroneus longus?
Plantar flex and everts the foot
104
What is the origin of the gastrocnemius?
Posterior aspects of the medial and lateral femoral condyles
105
What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?
Posterior aspect of the calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
106
What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius?
Tibial nerve S1 and S2
107
What is the action of the gastrocnemius?
Plantar flexing the ankle
108
What is the origin of soleus?
Soleal line, middle 1/3 of the tibia, and upper third of the fibula
109
What is the insertion of the soleus?
Calcaneal tendon
110
What is the innervation of the soleus?
Tibial nerves S1 and S2
111
What is the action of the soleus?
Plantar flexion and aiding venous return
112
What is the origin of tibialis posterior?
Interosseus membrane and the upper parts of the tibia and fibula
113
What is the insertion of tibialis posterior?
Navicular, three cuneiform bones, and the bases of 2-4 metatarsals
114
What is the innervation of tibialis posterior?
Tibial nerve L5 and S1
115
What is the action of tibialis posterior?
Plantar flexes and inverts the foot; supports the medial longitudinal arch of the food

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