Reticulo-endothelial Anatomy

Question 1

What is a small, bean-shaped, encapsulated structure that drains lymphatics?

Answer 1

Lymph node

Question 2

What is directly under the thin fibrous capsule of a lymph node?

Answer 2

Subcapsular sinus

Question 3

What is underneath the subcapsular sinus of a lymph node?

Answer 3

The cortex

Question 4

What is contained within the outer cortex of a lymph node?

Answer 4

Mature B cells

Question 5

How are mature B cells organized within the outer cortex of a lymph node?

Answer 5

Follicles

Question 6

What is in the follicles of lymph nodes?

Answer 6

Germinal centers

Question 7

What is in the germinal center of a lymph node?

Answer 7

Active B cells

Question 8

What is in the inner cortex of a lymph node?

Answer 8

Mature T cells

Question 9

What is in the medulla of lymph nodes?

Answer 9

Lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages

Question 10

Where does lymph drain out of the lymph node?

Answer 10

Medullary sinus

Question 11

What do the medullary sinus contain?

Answer 11

Macrophages

Question 12

Where do activated lymphocytes leave?

Answer 12

Via the hilum

Question 13

Where do nerve fibers enter the the lymph node?

Answer 13

Hilum

Question 14

What is the body’s largest aggregate of lymphoid tissue?

Answer 14

Spleen

Question 15

Where does the spleen develop from?

Answer 15

Mesoderm in the dorsal mesentery of the stomach

Question 16

Where does the spleen lie?

Answer 16

Under the left dome of the diaphragm close to the lower ribs

Question 17

What are the approximate measurements of the spleen?

Answer 17

1” thick, 3” wide, 5” long, and 7 ounces

Question 18

Where in the abdomen is the spleen?

Answer 18

Between the 9th and 11th ribs, in the left midaxillary line

Question 19

What type of tissues are encapsulated in the spleen?

Answer 19

Red and White pulp

Question 20

The spleen is attached by what ligaments?

Answer 20

Gastrosplenic ligament (contains short and left gastroepiploic arteries)
Splenorenal ligament

Question 21

What structures are near the visceral aspect of the spleen?

Answer 21

Tail of the pancreas
Stomach
Left kidney
Splenic flexure of the colin

Question 22

Why is the liver considered part of the reticuloendothelial anatomy?

Answer 22

It contains many Kupffer cells that filter out bacteria

Question 23

What is the weight of the liver?

Answer 23

3lbs, largest internal organ

Question 24

What does the liver develop from?

Answer 24

A ventral outgrowth of the distal end of the foregut

Question 25

What is the liver surrounded by?

Answer 25

A fibrous capsule

Question 26

What is the liver suspended by?

Answer 26

Coronary ligament

Question 27

What is the coronary ligament a continuation of?

Answer 27

Falciform ligament

Question 28

What does the falciform ligament contain?

Answer 28

The round ligament of the liver

Question 29

What is the liver covered mostly by?

Answer 29

Visceral peritoneum except for the bare area (bounded by coronary ligament) and where the IVC passes through

Question 30

What are the four anatomical lobes of the liver? which functional side do they belong to?

Answer 30

Right - right... Left - left Quadrate - left Caudate - both

Question 31

What supplies blood to the right functional lobe?

Answer 31

The right hepatic artery

Question 32

What supplies blood to the left functional lobe?

Answer 32

Left hepatic artery

Question 33

What are the functional units of the livers made of?

Answer 33

Sinusoids

Question 34

What lines sinusoids of the liver?

Answer 34

Hepatocytes and Kupffer cells

Question 35

What are liver sinusoids fed by?

Answer 35

Branches of the hepatic artery, tributaries of the portal vein

Question 36

What is the proper hepatic artery a branch of?

Answer 36

Common hepatic artery from the celiac trunk

Question 37

What supplies the liver with most of its blood?

Answer 37

The portal vein (70%)

Question 38

What is the portal vein formed by?

Answer 38

Joining of the splenic and the superior mesenteric veins

Question 39

What drains into the splenic vein?

Answer 39

Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 40

Where does venous blood from the sinusoids drain from?

Answer 40

Central veins to three hepatic veins which open into the IVC

Question 41

What do the right and left hepatic ducts drain?

Answer 41

Bile

Question 42

Where are the right and left hepatic ducts?

Answer 42

Porta hepatis which lies between the caudate and quadrate lobes

Question 43

What are the entire contents of the porta hepatis?

Answer 43

Right and left hepatic ducts, right and left hepatic arteries, right and left tributaries of the portal vein, autonomic nerves, and lymphatic vessels

Question 44

What is the thymus derived from?

Answer 44

3rd pharyngeal pouch

Question 45

Where is the thymus located?

Answer 45

Anterior portion of the superior mediastinum

Question 46

What supplies the thymus?

Answer 46

Anterior intercostals and internal thoracic arteries

Question 47

What cell does the thymus produce?

Answer 47

T cells

Question 48

What is the cortex of the thymus a site of?

Answer 48

immature/maturing T cells

Question 49

What is the medulla of the thymus a site of?

Answer 49

Lymphocytes and hassall's corpuscles

Question 50

What are Hassall's corpuscles?

Answer 50

Central area of degenerated cells, surrounded by concentric, flattened, kreatinized epithelial cells

Question 51

Where does the thoracic duct begin?

Answer 51

Cisterna chyli (L1)

Question 52

What is the course of thoracic duct?

Answer 52

Passes through the diaphragm of T12 to the right of the aorta, It lies in the posterior mediastinum, and crosses left to right at T4/5

Question 53

Where does the thoracic end at?

Answer 53

The junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian vein

Question 54

What are the different tonsils in the pharynx?

Answer 54

Palatine, Tubal, Lingual

Question 55

What are lymphoid collections in the small intestine?

Answer 55

Peyer's patch