Infant Disorders: Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

Question 1

Cleft Lip (CL) and Cleft Palate (CP) are driven by ________ and ________ factors

Answer 1

genetic and congenital factors

Question 2

What is congenital form caused by?

Answer 2

teratogens

Question 3

What strong link is associated with CL and CP?

Answer 3

smoking in pregnancy

Question 4

What 3 teratogens are associated with CL and CP? Which are positive teratogens and which are negative?

Answer 4

1. smoking
2. viral infection
3. folic acid deficiency

Positive teratogens = smoking and viral infection

Negative teratogens = folic acid deficiency

Question 5

How does smoking and viral infection cause CL/CP?

Answer 5

Exposure of viral infection or smoke during pregnancy impacts the developing fetus and embryo and lead to CL/CP

Question 6

What does negative teratogen mean? Positive teratogen?

Answer 6

Neg = Something is missing

Pos = Something is causing CL/CP

Question 7

What does folic acid do? How does Folic Acid Deficiency cause CL/CP? How is it tx?

Answer 7

1. Folic Acid is involved in cell division and DNA replication.
2. Pregnant women have proliferation of cells and growth and needs abundance of folic acid. Defect results in inadeq. cellular division and affects formation of various structures
3. preg women are given supplement of folic acids

Question 8

Treatment for CL/CP (1)

Answer 8

Sx is used to correct the disorder

Question 9

What is Cleft Lip? (2) Prevalence?

Answer 9

• unilateral or bilateral indentation or fissure
• improper fusion of maxillary and nasal structure in ~wk 5-8 of gestations
• ~1 in 700 live births have CL

Question 10

What does the hard palate separate? What structures are there?

Answer 10

nasal and oral cavity

palatine, maxillary bone, and skeletal muscle

Question 11

What happens if maxillary structure and nasal structure do not fuse during embryonic development?

Answer 11

a slight indentation or deep fissure occur

Question 12

What is a cleft?

Answer 12

a space or opening made by a cleavage or split

Question 13

In CL, which trimester is most sensitive to defect? How many weeks of gestation?

Answer 13

1st trimester –>~5 weeks of gestations

Question 14

What is Cleft Palate? Prevalence? (4) What can occur at the same time?

Answer 14

• incomplete fusion of palatine structures
• nasal structures may be affected
• ~1 in 2000 births
• CP and CL can occur at the same time

Question 15

What problems are associated with CL and CP? (3)

Answer 15

breathing, feeding, and speaking

Question 16

Which has a lower prevalence? CL or CP?

Answer 16

CP

Question 17

At which week of gestations does incomplete fusion of palatine structure occur?

Answer 17

in ~9-12 weeks gestations

Question 18

What is folic acid deficiency is associated with what defect?

Answer 18

neural tube defect