Respiratory Disorders: COPD Flashcards
(45 cards)
What is COPD?
Persistent widespread inflm of the a/w, parenchyma, and vasculature
How does inflm lead to obstruction in the a/w?
inflm–> exudate produced in lumen of a/w–> obstruction in a/w–> increase prod. of mucus from cells lining the a/w
xs mucus and exudate cause more obstruction and serious consequences
T or F: COPD is recurrent throughout lifetime and persist through life
T
If recurs, a/w obstruction is ____ but not _____
acute, persistent
T or F: COPD is a combination of disease
T
COPD includes _____ _______ and/or _______ and may be accompanied by ______
chronic bronchitis
emphysema
asthma
Is asthma preventable?
almost completely preventable–> YES
What is the parenchyma?
parenchyma = epithelial cells involved in gaseous exchange @ alveolar level
What is the vasculature?
vessels involved in gaseous exchange eg. pulmonary capillaries
Etiology/Risks of COPD (4)
- smoking
- ageing
- recurring infections
- alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency (genetic)
Etiology: What % of COPD is linked to smoking? How does smoking cigs cause COPD (4)?
80-90% of COPD is linked to smoking
smoking cigs contain irritants which increase mucus secretion, destroy cilia, produce chronic coughing, and induce inflm
Explain the 4 effects of cigarette smokes in COPD in details.
- irritants in cig smokes increase mucus production –>overwhelms of the cilia –> unable to sweep up harmful debris–> impede GE
- irritants in cig smokes damage cilia
- irritants in cig smokes induce chronic coughing
- Irritants in cig smokes induce inflm in resp tissues —> damage a/w and walls between alveoli–> decrease fxn of alveoli
Is chronic coughs beneficial? why?
NOOOOOOO
constant repetitive coughing damage the lining of a/w
coughing shoots 100km/hr of air damaging tissues w/ this force
Etiology: How does ageing contribute to COPD? (3)
d/t
- degenerative change of tissues
- decrease elasticity
- decrease compliance
Compliance is ________ proportional to elasticity. What does this mean? What happens if elasticity decrease?
inversely
one variable increase and other decrease
compliance increases
What is the definition of compliance?
the ease in which we fill and empty the lungs during breathing
What happens if there is too much or too little elasticity? How does elasticity relate to recoil? What happens if there is too much compliance
- lungs cannot fill or empty completely
- little elasticity = less recoil
more elasticity = more recoil - more compliance = less elasticity (air remain in the lungs) = more work of breathing
Etiology: How does recurrent infections contribute to COPD?
there is chronic hypersecretion of mucus + coughing + inflm damage
infection–> inflm–> tissue damage
Etiology: What percentage of alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency applies to COPD?
1% of people with COPD –> not a great risk from genetic perspective
Fig 29-7: What % is a severe compromised lumen? How? How is it simulated?
70-90% lumen compromised
d/t damage of the a/w resulting in hypertrophy
Simulated as trying to breathe from a straw
Fig 29-7: What happens when 50% of lumen is compromised?
wall of lumen is normal and elasticity is normal BUT it is filled w/ mucus –> only 1/2 amount of air can be carried or lungs is inflated 50% d/t hypersec of mucus
Fig 29-7: What happens when there is a loss of elastic tissue?
A = there is some degree of ____________ a/w and _________ decrease
compromised
compliance
Diagnosis of COPD (4)
- hx and px
- labs: CBC, CRP, and ABGs
- Pulmonary function test (PFT)
- Chest X-Ray (CXR)
What is assessed in COPD? (5)
- breath sounds
- SOB
- accessory muscle use
- ventilation issues
- arms propped on table to help ease of breathing
