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Biology 253 > Pulm Vascular Disorder: Lung CA > Flashcards

Pulm Vascular Disorder: Lung CA Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

Lung CA is a major cause of _____ and can be both ______ and _______

A

death

primary and secondary

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2
Q

The lungs are ______ and _________ and is a common place for _______

A

large and vascularized

metastases

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3
Q

Lung CA is ________ and _______.

A

aggressive and invasive

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4
Q

What are the 3 preferred sec sites lung CA mets to?

A

skeleton, brain, and liver

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5
Q

What are the 4 primary types of Lung CA? (%?)

A
  1. small cell carcinoma (~12%)
  2. large cell carcinoma (~12%)
  3. squamous cell carcinoma (~27%)
  4. adenocarcinoma (~30%)
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6
Q

Which types of Lung CA are Small Cell Lung CA (SCLC)? Which are Non-small Cell Lung CA (NSCLC)?

A
  1. small cell carcinoma

2. large cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma

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7
Q

Which type of Lung CA have the highest prevalence?

A

adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

Etiology of Lung CA (3)

A
  1. > 85% is d/t smoking: contain carcinogens
  2. toxins (eg asbestos–> used in insulation in building but banned now)
  3. marijuana (increase smoking)
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9
Q

What are warning signs?

A

signs that are unexplained by other underlying cause

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10
Q

What are the 6 warning signs?

A
  1. chronic coughs
  2. dyspnea
  3. chest, arm, and shoulder pain: r/t to cardiac issue
  4. blood-tinged sputum: blood in sputum
  5. alternate respiratory pattern: r/t asthma, emphysema, or bronchitis
  6. hemoptysis:
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11
Q

What is hemoptysis?

A

coughing up blood

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12
Q

Where is the central malignancy located in a/w? Peripheral malignancy?

A
  1. larger a/w –> bronchus

2. smaller a/w –>alveoli and bronchioles

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13
Q

Patho: Small Cell Carcinoma (SCLC) (5)

A
  • 99% smokers
  • small oval (oat cells)–> non-resectable
  • aggressive, invasive, early mets (esp brain)
  • mets at diagnosis –> 70%
  • paraneoplastic syndromes
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14
Q

Small Cell Carcinoma is the ________ type of Lung CA and most _________ and mets _______

A

worst

aggressive

early

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15
Q

Small Call Carcinoma: How are the cells described as? Why is tumor excision not an option for this type?

A

small oval malignant cells resembles grains of oat

They are non-resectable b/c the cells are diffused in terms of location –> no uniform mass to excise

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16
Q

Small Call Carcinoma: Is the prognosis good or poor? Where does it mets to especially?

A

POOOORRRR

BRAIINNNZZZ

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17
Q

Small Call Carcinoma: At dx, mets has spread ____%

A

70

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18
Q

Small Call Carcinoma:
What is paraneoplastic syndrome? Examples?

How does it contribute to this type?

What is this tumor called?

Study These Flashcards
A

Disorders that relates to the abn secretion of ACTH.

Examples: syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) or Cushing’s

Tumor in the lungs may secrete hormone-like substance that have similar action to ACTH –> give Cushing- or SIADH-like symptoms

Ectopic tumors

19
Q

Patho: Adenocarcinoma (NSCLC) (3)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • most common form
  • in females and non-smokers
  • origin in bronchioles and alveoli
20
Q

What does adeno- refer to? What does it secrete?

Study These Flashcards
A

granular epithelium –>secretes mucus

21
Q

Adenocarcinoma: Central or Peripheral Origin? Explain.

Study These Flashcards
A

Peripheral origin –> smaller origin eg alveoli and bronchioles

away from large a/w or mediastinum

22
Q

Adenocarcinoma: If lung CA occur in ___-_____, it is likely this form.

23
Q

Adenocarcinoma: Prevalence? Can men get this type?

Study These Flashcards
A

higher prevalence in women and non-smoker but not exclusive

YESS

24
Q

Can the tumor be excised? Why?

Study These Flashcards
A

YES

the mass is uniform

25
Patho: Squamous Cell Carcinoma (NSCLC) (6)
- more common in males - central origin (bronchi) - intraluminal - impacts mediastinum - spread to hilar nodes
26
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Which a/w is impacted? What can it impact?
large a/w towards bronchi and mediastinum --> may impact heart
27
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: What is the hilar nodes?
refers to the area of lung where vessels and bronchi enter
28
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Most proximal nodes are ______ nodes and are immediately ______ as the tumor advances
lymph affected
29
Patho: Larger Cell Carcinoma (NSCLC) (4)
1. large, undifferentiated cells 2. peripheral origin 3. eary mets--> happens quickly 4. poor prognosis
30
Larger Cell Carcinoma: What does large, undifferentiated cells mean?
cells in the early differentiation stage are large and cannot carry out their function b/c it is undifferentiated
31
Larger Cell Carcinoma: Which a/w is affected?
affects the smaller a/w but affect rest of lung as it advance
32
What are the mnfst if central in origin? (2)
1. coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea | 2. cardiac mnfst
33
Why does coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea occur in central origin?
centrally located tumor obstr large a/w ---> ventilation is impaired--> mnfst occur
34
Why do cardiac mnfst occur? What is the first structure impacted?
first structure impacted is the pericardium accum of fluids apply external pressure on the heart--> compromise filling/emptying of the heart
35
What are the 2 typical mnfst?
1. hemoptysis: coughing up blood | 2. pain
36
What is the pain associated with (2)?
1. inflm | 2. perivascular nerves around blood vessels
37
What does manifestations depends on? (4)
1. site (type): central or peripheral 2. stage of CA 3. extent, mets 4. paraneoplastic syndrome
38
Diagnosis of Lung CA (4)
1. hx and px 2. imaging 3. bronchoscopy and biopsy 4. cytology
39
What 3 imaging are used?
1. CXR w/ cardiac mnfst 2. U/S initally 3. CT and MRI to identify location and size precisely
40
What is a bronchoscopy? ______ _________ is used to take sample of fluid percutaneously. What else is done
insert a scope to visualize the a/w eg alveoli needle aspiration biopsy
41
Cytology is a _____ / _____ ______. WHY?
sputum/bronchial wash --> analyzing expectorate to identify neoplastic malignant cells
42
Treatment of for SCLC? ____ is not used because it is not a uniform mass
chemo and radiation sx
43
Treatment for NSCLC? What is done first to shrink tumor?
chemo and radiation is used first to shrink tumor and the surgically remove tumor 1. chemo/radiation 2. sx
44
Unless detected and intervened early, the prognosis is ____ and many go into _______ w/ lung CA
poor remission

Biology 253 (39 decks)

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