Respiratory Failure

Question 1

Respiratory Failure is the failure of _______ and/or ____-______

Answer 1

ventilation and/ or gas exchange

Question 2

ABGs shows ______ and ________

Answer 2

hypoxia and hypercapnia

Question 3

What are the 3 major category of causes. Give two examples in each.

Answer 3

HYPOXEMIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE:

• COPD
• severe pneumonia
• atelectasis

HYERCAPNIA/HYPOXEMIA RESPIRATORY FAILURE:

• guillain-barre syndrome
• brain injury
• upper a/w obstruction: tumors and infection

IMPAIRED DIFFUSION:

• pulmonary edema
• ARDS

Question 4

Manifestations of Resp Failure (3)

Answer 4

1. hypoxia
2. hypercapnia
3. respiratory acidosis

Question 5

What is the normal range for PaO2? What value shows hypoxemia?

Answer 5

noraml range 60-100 mmHg

PaO2<60 mmHg

Question 6

What is the normal range of PaCO2? What value shoes hypercapnia?

Answer 6

35-45 mmHg

PaCO2 >45 mmHg

Question 7

Hypercapnia accompanies _________

Answer 7

hypoxia

Question 8

Why does Respiratory Acidosis occur?

Answer 8

o There’s buildup of CO2 and when mixed with water–> forms carbonic acid
o Volatile carbonic acid involved

Question 9

Treatment of Respiratory (2)

Answer 9

1. restore respiratory fxn

2. address underlying cause

Question 10

What can be used to restore resp fxn (4)?

Answer 10

1. O2 supplement
2. mech ventilation
3. bronchodilators if obstr. occurs
4. antibiotics for infection