Infant Nutrition Interventions Flashcards

(42 cards)

1
Q

Up to ___ percent of infants and children with special health needs are at nutritional risk

A

40%

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2
Q

Low-Birthweight (LBW) is < ____ g
Very Low-Birthweight (VLBW) is < ____ g
Extremely Low-Birthweight (ELBW) is < ____ g

A

2500
1500
1000

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3
Q

in depth nutrition assessments are needed for infants born < ___ weeks, infants born with abnormal ______ during pregnancy, and infants at risk for ____ problems

A

34
development
chronic health

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4
Q

increased calories for _________
decreased calories for _________

A

increased
- difficulty breathing
- infection and fever

decreased
- spina bifida
- down syndrome

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5
Q

AAP suggest ___ to ____ kcal/kg for preterm infants
European society for. gastroenterology and nutrition suggest ____ to ____ kcal/kg

A

105-130

110-135

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6
Q

DRI for protein for infants
0-6 months
7-12 months
preterm infants?

A

1.52 g/kg
1.2 g/kg

higher for preterm
before 30 weeks may need 4.5 g/kg

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7
Q

for protein malabsorption use _____ formula
for metabolic disorders like PKU use ________

A

hydrolyzed protein formulas (small peptides or free amino acids)

specific amino acid formulas

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8
Q

human milk provides ___ to ____ % calories from fat

A

45-55 %

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9
Q

__________ do not require bile for absorption, and are a routine source of fat in preterm infant formula

A

medium chain triglycerides (MCT)

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10
Q

May need additional vitamins & minerals to support “catch-up” growth or during recovery from illness

Micronutrient needs can be affected by
___________________

A

digestive disorders, DNI, & fluid restrictions

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11
Q

_______ vitamins & mineral supplements are usually prescribed for sick or recovering infants

Human-milk ______ provide additional calories and nutrients

Preterm infant formulas may have higher amounts of vitamins & minerals

A

high potency
fortifiers

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12
Q

what are the growth charts for premature infants

A

Fenton preterm infant growth charts
Olsen intrauterine growth charts

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13
Q

Does intrauterine growth predict outside
growth?

A

yes in uterus

intrauterine environment
presence of toxins
depletion of nutrients
fetal organ errors in cell migration or formation of organs

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14
Q

interventions for FTT (failure to thrive)

A

team approach including social services
increase energy and protein intake
assess social supports
referral to WIC

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15
Q

growth charts for LBW premature and VLBW premature infant are provided by _________

A

infants health and development program (IHDP)

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16
Q

how to calculate gestation-adjusted age

A

40 weeks minus GA at birth

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17
Q

calculate gestation adjusted age for infant born at 30 weeks who is now 3 months old

A

40 weeks - 30 weeks = 10 weeks early
10/4 = 2.5 months early

when she is 3 months old
gestational age adjusted is 0.5 months

18
Q

to plot growth chart for preterm infants _____ is used

19
Q

An impairment in the performance of tasks or
achieving developmental milestones that an
infant or child should achieve by a specific
chronological age

A

developmental delays

20
Q

developmental delays diagnosis is made with testing that assesses cognitive, physical, social, and emotional development, communication and adaptive skills.

commonly results in nutrition what nutrition problems?

A

slower growth
feeding difficulty
oral motor and swallowing difficulties

21
Q

very preterm birth is <___ weeks
extremely preterm birth is <____ weeks

preterm birth requires immediate intensive care hospitalization, and they have high rate of disability such as…?

A

34 weeks
28 weeks

delayed development
decreased academic achievement
higher risk of behavioral and attention problems

22
Q

initial problem after birth of preterm infant is ______

A

cannot nurse due to requires respiratory support

23
Q

nutrition support for preterm infants that is generally required

A

enteral (nutrients delivered through GI Tract)
- oral gastric
- nasogastric
- nasojejunal
- gastrostomy
- jejunostomy

parenteral (nutrients delivered directly into bloodstream)

24
Q

slower rate of tube feeding increase time breast milk or formula is at room temp and preterm infants have immature immune systems so they are prone to infections.

What are some recommendations ?

A

change feeding set q 4 hours

limit duration of hang-time to 4 hours

avoid powdered infant formulas

proper time guidelines for using refrigerated or frozen and thawed breast milk

25
preterm human milk has higher ____ content than term milk.
protein
26
what is different about preterm infant formulas
higher energy and nutrients MCT oils whey protein preferred
27
if infant fatigues too early or is too week to suck, may use a ___ to ___ kcal/oz formula. can be up to ___ kcal, but high osmolality
22-24 30
28
severe preterm birth and nutrition issue?
necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) - inflammation in intestine - bloody stools - 2nd to 3rd week of life in premature, formula fed infants - usually require parenteral nutrition
29
recommendations for introducing solids to preterm infants are based on ______
corrected gestational age
30
preterm infants may have problems feeding due to trauma from _______
feeding tube or ventilator
31
what is down syndrome
chromosomal condition that is associated with intellectual disability
32
Down syndrome occurrence is 1 in ____ births
691
33
common physical traits of down syndrome
hypotonia (low muscle tone) short stature distinct facial features (slant in eyes)
34
nutrition problems associated with down syndrome
swallowing difficulties self feeding difficulty constipation overweight status common due to excessive energy intake and decreased activity
35
an example of congenital anomalies that would require infant neonatal intensive care and re-hospitalization
cleft lip and palate
36
what is cleft clip and palate
upper lip and roof of mouth are not formed completely and require corrective surgery results in feeding and speaking difficulties intramural prosthetics can be used to normalize oral cavity RDN needs to work closely with SLP for feeding plan
37
examples of congenital anomalies in GI Tract disorder family
diaphragmatic hernia esophageal atresia
38
displacement of the intestines up into the thoracic cavity due to incomplete formation of the diaphragm in utero
diaphragmatic hernia
39
incomplete connection between the esophagus and the stomach
esophageal atresia
40
for both diaphragmatic hernia and esophageal atresia, infants require nutrition support and _____ because they cannot eat safely by _____. infant misses the developmental period when oral feeding is pleasurable which cause residual feeding problems later
surgery mouth
41
what are the genetic metabolic disorders that infants can experience
PKU galactosemia
42
treatment for PKU and galactosemia is often ____________
removal of one or more nutrients from the diet and provision of therapeutic infant formula to meet nutritional needs