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Life Cycle Nutrition > Pregnancy Part 2 > Flashcards

Pregnancy Part 2 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

recommendations for weight gain are influenced by the _____ weight Status of the mother

A

pre pregnancy

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2
Q

what should you gain if you are…
-underweight
-normal weight
-overweight
-obese
-twin pregnancy

A

underweight = 28-40 lb
normal weight = 25-35 lb
overweight = 15-25 lb
obese = 11-20 lb
twin pregnancy = 25-54 lb

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3
Q

____ lb should be gained in the first trimester followed by gradual and consistent gains

A

3-5 lb

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4
Q

the fetus is only about _____ of the weight gain

A

1/3

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5
Q

___ pounds lost within the first ___ after birth

weight loss difficult in women who gained more than ____

A

14 lbs
6 weeks

44 lbs

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6
Q

energy increased due to _____,_____, and _______

the fetus accounts for ____ of energy need increase

A

protein synthesis
fat synthesus
expanded metabolic activity

1/3

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7
Q

average increase in energy requirements in pregnancy is _____ calories

A

300

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8
Q

carbohydrate requirements for pregnancy

A

45-65%
175 g/day

veggies, fruits, and whole grains to provide phytonutrients to prevent constipation

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9
Q

protein requirements in pregnancy

A

71 g/day

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10
Q

protein intake for vegetarians and vegans?

A

vegetarians are usually fine, but vegans need to increase protein by 30% due to lower digestibility

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11
Q

considerations for vegetarians

A

deficiency in some nutrients such as
- B12
- vitamin D, calcium, iron
- omega 3 fatty acids
-DHA and EPA

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12
Q

fat is a source of ______ and ______
what are the requirements?

A

13 g linoleic acid
1.4 g alpha-linolenic acid

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13
Q

sources of alpha linolenic acid

A

walnuts
soybesns
canola oils
flaxseed

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14
Q

sources of EPA and DHA include_____,

A

fish
fish oil
seafood

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15
Q

only ____ % of alpha linolenic acid is converted to EPA and DHA. what does this mean?

A

9%
need the EPA DHA sources rather than the alpha linolenic acid sources

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16
Q

what is the AI for EPA and DHA in pregnancy

A

300 mg/day

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17
Q

most. US women consume ____ of the recommended EPA and DHA

A

1/3

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18
Q

intake for pregnant women for EPA and DHA is _______

A

500 mg per day

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19
Q

for normal women intakes above ____ of EPA and DHA may result in excessive bleeding

A

3g per day

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20
Q

recommended that pregnant women consume _____ serving of cooked fish and seafood a week.

avoiding these: _______

Study These Flashcards
A

2-3 4oz

swordfish, king mackerel, tilefish, and shark

21
Q

water consumption recommendation during pregnancy

22
Q

what are the functions of folate

Study These Flashcards
A

cofactor in metabolic reactions involved in replication in replication and amino acid metabolism

23
Q

inadequate availability of folate between _____ days after conception can cause ____

Study These Flashcards
A

21-27 days
NTD (neural tube defects)

24
Q

what are neural tube defects and types

Study These Flashcards
A

malformations of the spinal cord and brain
- spina bifida
- anencephaly
- encephalocele

25
what is spina bifida
failure for spinal cord to close collection of spinal fluid (sac or patch of dark hair)
26
what is anencephaly
brain and skull missing die shortly after birth
27
what is encephalocele
proturusion of brain thru back of skull severity depends on location
28
recommended intwake of dietaqry folate equivalents (DFE)
600 mcg
29
1 DFE = ___ food folate 1 DFE - ___ folic acid from fortified foods or supplements
1 mcg 0.6 g
30
vitamin A in pregnancy is needed for _____________ take no more than ____ if taking supplements 14-18 yrs old DRI fro pregnancy = ____ 18+ yrs old DRI fro pregnancy = ____
cell differentiation 5000 IU (1500 mcg) 750 mcg (2500 IU) 770 mcg (2567 IU)
31
what is vitamin D needed for in pregnancy? DRI for pregnancy is _____
fetal growth, addition of calcium to bone, immune system 15 mcg
32
what is choline important for? AI for pregnancy is _____
component in phospholipids in cell membraines and intracellular messengers -brain growth 450 mg
33
calcium needs in pregnancy ? if mother doesn't intake enough, bones can release_____
peak in 3rd trimester fetal bones lead
34
additional _____ of iron needed for pregnancy. which is ____ per day
1000 mg 27 mg/day
35
rates of iron deficiency through pregnancy ?
get higher throughout each trimester - highest in 3rd
36
indicators of iron deficiency in pregnancy?
serum ferritin -depleted stores = <20 ng/ml -iron deficiency = ≤15 ng/ml serum hemoglobin (HgB) -1st trimester = <11 g/dl -2nd trimester = <10.5 g/dl -3rd trimester = <11 g/dl
37
recommended that pregnant women take a ___ iron supplement daily after the ___ week of pregnancy (take supplement containing only iron)
30 mg 12th week
38
side effects of iron? problems if doeses are above 30mg?
nausea and constipation interfere with zinc absorbtion
39
iodone is required in pregnancy for ________
thyroid function energy production brain development
40
phytochemicals such as antioxidant pigments in plant foods are needed for ____________________
protect fetal DNA from oxidative damage
41
does caffiene affect pregnancy
moderate intake is okay (2-3 cups coffee a day)
42
how to deal with taste and smell changes in pregnancy that may cause nausea
cold foods smaller meals big meal when you feel okay
43
food borne illness susceptibility in pregnancy is increased due to elated _____ levels examples?
progeaterone 1. listeria monocytogenes 2. toxoplasma gondii
44
listeria monocytogenes
can cause miscarriage and stillbirth - avoid raw or smoked fish/meat - unpasteurozed cheese or milk
45
toxoplasma gondii
can cause fetal mental retardation blindness seizures death -raw or undercooked meat -surface of fruits and veggies
46
how to manage nausea and vomitting
continue to gain weight seperate liquid and solid food intake avoid odors that trigger it tolerate high carb foods better vitamin B6 ginger
47
what can cause GERD in pregnancy
progesterone causes relaxation of the muscles in GI
48
management of GERD in pregnancy
small frequent meals do not eat before bed avoid foods that make it worse elevate head and upper body while sleeping
49
how to prevent constipation
consume 30 grams of fiber daily drink lots of water with the fiber excercise

Life Cycle Nutrition (21 decks)

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