Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Specialty Exam > Infectious > Flashcards

Infectious Flashcards

(46 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which leptospirosis interrogans serovars are the most common in North America?

A

Canicola and icterohemorrhagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The snap ELISA for leptospirosis detects what?

A

Antibodies (IgG > IgM) against LipL32

*** Not as good as Witness for acute infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pneumonyssus, euvolemia and cuterebra can all infect which system?

A

Nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which bacteria can be transmitted through raw food?

A 
Campylobacter
Enterococcus
E.coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Salmonella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which parasites can be transmitted through raw food?

A 
Cryptosporidium
Echinococcus
Giardia
Neospora
Toxocara
Toxoplasma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which immunoglobulin is usually produced first ?

A

IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which immunoglobulin usually remain high for very long time?

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which breed are predisposed to membranoproliferative Lyme nephritis?

A

Golden and Labrador

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Leptospirosis canicola, Bratislava and gryppotyphosa mostly affect which system?

A

Renal +hepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Leptospirosis icterohemorrhagia and Pomona mostly affect which system?

A

Hepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 forms of transmission from Yersinia pestis?

A

Flea - rodent that can be ingested, scratch or inhaled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the clinical signs of Yersinia pestis? Name a diagnostic method? Treatment?

A

Lymph nodes abscess
DIC
Fever

Rare in dogs

Culture of tonsils

Gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the diagnostic method of franciscella tularensis?

A

Gram -
Microscopy agglutination of antibodies

Treatment with gentamicin and surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the diagnostic method of franciscella tularensis?

A

Gram -
Microscopy agglutination of antibodies

Treatment with gentamicin and surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the signs of coxiella Burnett I? Diagnosis ?

Treatment?

A

Atypical pneumonia, vascular is, splenomegaly, fever, abortion

IgG titers

Tetracycline and chloramphenicol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for mycobacterium?

A

Rifampin
Clarithomycin
Isoniazid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which are the states where blastomycosis and histoplasmosis are frequent?

A

Ohio
Missouri
Mississippiq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

For lyme disease, what is the gram, mode of transmission and diagnosis?

A

Gram -

Tranmission - Ixodes transmit OpsA

Snap 4dx - C6
Western Blot 
OpsA - indicates vaccination
OpsC - antibodies within 2-3 weeks, then wean after 5 months
OpsF - persists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

For babesia, indicates the transmission, main system affected and treatment.

Gibsoni
Canis vogeli
Canis

Study These Flashcards
A

Gibsoni - pitbull
Canis vogeli - rhipicephalus
Canis - dermacentor

Main system: IMHA, DIC

Treatment:
Gibsoni: Atovaquone + azithromycin
Canis: imidocarb

20
Q

For bartonella, indicate the gram, which specific cells it invades, the 2 main diagnostics methods and specific treatment recommendations.

Study These Flashcards
A

Gram - facultative IC

Feces from flea invade endothelial cells CD34+

Diagnosis: DNA of affected tissues, Enrichement PCR

Treatment: second antibiotic needs to be started 5-7 days after the first t o avoid Jarisch-Herxheimer

1) Doxycycline + baytril
2) Azythromycin + rifampin

21
Q

For hepatozoon americanum, describe the 3 phases and their associated clinical signs, 2 methods of diagnosis and treatment.

Study These Flashcards
A 
Phases:
1) Sporozoite within GI
2) Merozoites: pyogranuloma
3) Gamonts - infectious organism
Fever, painful gait from periosteal proliferation, mucopurulent ocular discharge, glomerulo-nephritis

Diagnosis:
Biopsies of femoris or semitendinous
PCR

Treatment:
Clindamycin + pyrimethamine
Decoquinate to decrease recurrence

22
Q

For neospora, what are the 2 methods of transmission, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

Transmission

  • Bradyzoites in meat (horizontal)
  • Tachyzoites in placenta (vertical)

Clinical signs:

  • Young: ascending paralysis and HL rigidity, megaesophagus
  • Older: can have myocarditis and CNS

Diagnosis:
Antibody (IF)
Biopsies (Light microscopy)

Treatment: none
TMS, pyrimethamine +/- clindamycin

23
Q

For leptospirosis, which gram ? Which is the best diagnostics methods?

Study These Flashcards
A

Gram -

Diagnosis via micro-agglutination (IgM and IgG) or PCR if within 10 days of infection

24
Q

For Ehrlichia, which tick for:
Canis
Chaffensis
Ewingii

Clinical signs, more severe in which breed, the chronic forms lead to which issue.

Diagnosis

Coinfection

Study These Flashcards
A

Canis - Rhipicephalus
Chaffensis - Amblyomma or dermacentor
Ewingii - Amblyomma phagocytophilium

Clinical signs: Ewingii = IMPA, polymyositis, CNS, uveitis.
More severe in German Shepherd
The chronic forms lead to bone marrow hypoplasia

Diagnosis:
Serology 8-20 days after inoculation
PCR within 10 days

Coinfection with Anaplasma platys, babesia, hepatozoon and rickettsia

25
For anasplasma, which gram ? Which vector ?
Gram - intracellular Platys: rhipicephalus sanguineus Phagocytophylum: Ixodes
26
For Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, which vector ? Clinical signs ? Diagnosis ? Treatment
Vector: Rhipicephalus, dermacentor Clinical signs: within 2-14 days. Fever, enlarged LN, edema, CNS, ocular, respiratory distress Diagnosis: serology after 7-10 days Treatment: doxycycline
27
For Toxoplasmosis - what are the 2 forms and best diagnostic method ?
2 forms: - Tachyzoites - disseminated in blood during active infection - Bradyzoites- slow dividing tissue phase Diagnosis with IgM > 1:64
28
For Leishmaniosis, what are the clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment ?
Signs: cutaneous (including oxychogryphosis), GI and visceral Diagnosis: IFA antibodies Treatment: meglumine antimoniate, allopurinol Can be transplacenta and transfusion
29
For trypanosomia Cruzi, what is the vector, 3 forms, diagnosis and treatment ?
``` Vector: triatomine, transplacenta, transfusion Forms: 1) Acute - myocarditis + arrhythmia 2) Latent - intermittent arrhythmia 3) Chronic - DCM- like ``` Diagnosis: PCR if acute and antibodies if > 3 weeks Treatment: benznidazole, nifurtimox
30
For Brucella, what is the gram ? The findings within reproductive organ ? Screening diagnosis ? Sensitive test ? Treatment ?
Gram - Necrotizing vasculitis placenta, granulomatous epididymitis Sreening via serology, RSAT is sensitive - takes about 4 weeks to be positive. Treatment: tetracycline, dihydrostreptomycin, aminoglycoside
31
For Cytauxzoon, which vector ? | For the forms: schizont and piroplasma - what are the signs and they can be seen in which cells ? Diagnosis? Treatment?
Vector: Demacentor and Amblyomma americanum Schizont: enlarged mononuclear cells which can result in occlusion of organs (liver, spleen and lungs). Seen in macrophages Piroplasm: usually asymptomatic, IMHA. Seen in RBC Diagnosis: PCR of 18s RNA Treatment: Atovaquone and azithromycin
32
For pneumocystis, what are the clinical signs, BAL staining, treatment?
Clinical signs: cough, weight loss, pyoderma BAL staining: immunoperoxidase staining TMS
33
For Tuberculosis, what are the clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment ?
Skin: SQ masses with draning tract Panniculitis, GI and respiratory Diagnosis: Acid-fast staining, culture (takes 4-6 weeks) or PCR Treatment: Rifampin, fluoroquinolones and macrolide (clarithromycin)
34
Which disease can lead to disease in humans with cat scratch?
Bartonella, nocardia, sporotrichosis
35
What does leproid leads to clinical signs ? Diagnosis ? Treatment?
Signs: head, limb and ulceration PCR or Ziehl-Neelson Treatment: Rifampin, fluoroquinolones and macrolide (clarithromycin)
36
What gram is actinomyces ? Diagnosis and treatment?
Gram + that is commensal to mucous membranes and can cause effusion, abscess and pyothorax Diagnosis: Modiried Ziehl-Neelson, PCR Treatment: high dose penicillin
37
What gram is nocardia ? Clinical signs ? Treatment?
Gram + Signs: cutaneous if inoculation. can have disseminated if low immune system +/- inhalation. Treatment: TMS
38
For clostridium tetani, what is the gram and transmission ? Which toxins causes which clinical signs? Diagnosis? Treatment
Gram + that spore into wound and grow under anaerobic conditions (delayed reaction) ``` Zinc metalloprotease toxins: Class I - facial (third eyelid prolapse, enophtalmia, erect ears). Can stay localized if cats Class II - Rigidity with dysphagia Class III - recumbant / seizures Class IV - anormal HR and BP ``` Diagnosis: antibodies to tetanospasmin Treatment: antitoxin, surgery
39
For clostridium botulinum, which gram and mode of transmission ? Clinical signs ? Diagnosis ? Treatment ?
Gram + in spoiled food which release C1 toxin and prevent relase of Ach ? Clinical signs: flaccid paresis within 12 hours (mydriasis, KCS, urine retention, megaesophagus) Diagnosis: botulinum toxin if early, PCR/ELISA in foo Treatment: antitoxin C (decrease severity of signs)
40
For Neorickettsia Helminthoeca, it is seen in which area ? Affects which organs ? Diagnosis ? Treatment?
California and Vancouver Organs: LN, lungs, spleen, liver and brain Diagnosis: fecal sugar flottation - see trematode Treatment: Doxycycline + praziquantel
41
For cryptococcus, what is the reservoir ? What is the diagnosis ? and treatment?
Reservoir - Neoformans: pigeons - Gattii: eucalyptus Diagnosis: latex agglutination (serology) Treatment: Amphotericin Bor Amphotericin B with fluconazole/itraconazole
42
For coccidiomycosis, where is it seen and which system are affected ? What are common clinical signs ? Diagnosis via culture? Treatment?
California and arizona Systems: bone, CNS, skin, LN, pericardium. Can lead to hyperglobulinemia, proteinuria and hilar lymphadenopathy NO CULTURE. Can do serology (IgM takes 2-5 weeks and IgG takes 8-12 weeks). Treatment: Amphotericin B + flucytosine or Amphotericin B with fluconazole/itraconazole/voricazole
43
For blastomycosis, how to diagnose and which treatment?
Urine antigen Itraconazole and amphotericin B NO CULTURE
44
For histoplasmosis, how to diagnose and which treatment?
Urine antigen
45
For sporotrichosis, how to transmit the disease ? Clinical signs? Diagnosis ? Treatment ?
Transmitted via direct skin contact Clinical signs: purulent ulcerated lesion. Can disseminate to respiratory, lymph node, CNS, muscles Diagnosis: cytology or culture Treatment: itraconazole
46
Which 2 infections transmitted by Ixodes scapularis are often seen together in cats?
Anaplasma phagocytophilum | Borrelia burgdoferi

Specialty Exam (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions