INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1-3 TO STUDY

Question 1

Risk of vaccination: in the case of an adverse side effect, this should be reported to which agency?

Answer 1

Veterinary medicine directive

Question 2

List the 4 NON-CORE vaccines for cats -
1. Bacteria: __________ _________
2. Bacteria: __________ _________
3. ______ (abbreviation): only in some countries, variable efficacy
4. ______ (abbreviation): a new one on the way?

Answer 2

Chlamydia felis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, FIV, FIP

Question 3

Risk of vaccination: giving repeated doses of vaccines puts cat at risk of damage to which organ?

Answer 3

Kidneys

Question 4

Maternally derived antibodies can last to: FHV-1 = _______ weeks, FCV = _______ weeks, FPV = _______ weeks

Answer 4

FHV-1 = 2-10 weeks, FCV = 10-14 weeks, FPV = 12-16+ weeks

Question 5

Which 2 core feline vaccines should be given live? (abbreviations)

Answer 5

FPV, FCV

Question 6

Which 2 feline bacterial vaccines are only recommended when there is a proven problem in the cattery/household?

Answer 6

Chlamydia felis, Bordetella bronchiseptica

Question 7

FPV: this virus is very stable, and can survive for over ___ __________ at room temperature in organic material (how long?)

Answer 7

1 year

Question 8

FPV: Older kitten infections -> morbidity is high, with mortality varying from _________ (range, percentage)

Answer 8

25-75%

Question 9

FIA: Which three organisms cause this disease?

Answer 9

Mycoplasma haemofelis, Mycoplasma turicensis, Mycoplasma haemominutum

Question 10

FIA: This disease should be treated with which two antibiotics?

Answer 10

Doxycycline, pradofloxacin

Question 11

FIA: The immune-mediated hemolytic anemia should be treated with which drug?

Answer 11

Prednisolone

Question 12

FeLV & FIV: Prevalence - sick cats = ______ (percentage), healthy cats = _____ (range, percentage)

Answer 12

15%, 1-5%

Question 13

FeLV: FeLV can be associated with other disorders, the main two being ____________ ___________ (similar to FPV infection) and _________ (ocular)

Answer 13

Hemorrhagic enteritis, uveitis

Question 14

FIV: These animals in particular should not be vaccinated because this virus lives in __________ ____ _______ (cell type), and these cells are upregulated after vaccination -> increase in viral load

Answer 14

Memory T cells

Question 15

Cat flu: Which viral agent causes limping syndrome? (abbreviation)

Answer 15

FCV

Question 16

Cat flu: Which viral agent causes vasculitis & jaundice?

Answer 16

Virulent systemic FCV

Question 17

Cat flu: Which bacterial agent causes symptoms in the eyes only?

Answer 17

Chlamydia felis

Question 18

Cat flu: In diagnosing the causative agent, we should ask - 1. What ______ group is affected? 2. Other problems in the colony? 3. ____________ history? 4. Type of __________?

Answer 18

Age, vaccination, housing

Question 19

Cat flu: Cats with FHV-1 infections often experience tear-film deficiencies, and thus should be treated with what tear mucin replacement?

Answer 19

Hyaluronic acid

Question 20

Cat flu: Which immune-modulating compound can be used to treat these patients?

Answer 20

IFN-omega

Question 21

FHV-1: Which drug can be used to treat this condition, but is expensive and bitter?

Answer 21

Famciclovir

Question 22

FHV-1: If giving eye drops for this disease, which drug is easier to use and non-irritating? Trifluorothymidine or Cidofovir?

Answer 22

Cidofovir

Question 23

FHV-1 & FCV: Survival in environment - how long does FHV-1 survive in the environment?

Answer 23

<24 hours

Question 24

FHV-1 & FCV: Survival in environment - how long does FCV survive in the environment? (range)

Answer 24

8-10 days

Question 25

VS-FCV: What is the ideal treatment for these cases? (two things)

Answer 25

High dose interferon, antibiotics

Question 26

FIP: The original coronavirus lives in ___________ (cell type), the twice mutated FIP virus replicates in _____________ (cell type)

Answer 26

Enterocytes, macrophages

Question 27

FIP: Because the mutated virus replicates inside macrophages, how do we describe lesions from this disease?

Answer 27

Granulomatous

Question 28

FIP: Pathogenesis & Outcome - FCoV infection -> partial cell-mediated immunity = ?

Answer 28

Non-effusive FIP

Question 29

FIP: Pathogenesis & Outcome - FCoV infection -> weak cell-mediated immunity = ?

Answer 29

Effusive FIP

Question 30

FIP: What is the main concern with the Cyprus strain of FIP?

Answer 30

Direct transmission

Question 31

FIP: Serum biochemistry often should an A:G ratio of ______, with __________ globulin levels, and __________ alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) levels

Answer 31

<0.4, increased, increased

Question 32

FIP: Fluid analysis via fine needle aspirate can be done using which two diagnostic aids?

Answer 32

Immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry

Question 33

FIP: The Idexx FIP PCR test detects viruses with mutated ___ genes

Answer 33

S

Question 34

FIP: Diagnosis - fluid will be _________ (color), __________ (texture), high protein, low cells, and cells will be ______ __________ neutrophils and ______________

Answer 34

Yellow, viscous, non toxic, macrophages

Question 35

FIP: Treatment - which two adjunct treatments have the best efficacy?

Answer 35

Polyprenyl immunostimulant, mefloquine

Question 36

FIP: Treatment - which antiviral prodrug has 85-90% success? Initially IV if severe, then liquid formulation

Answer 36

Remdesivir

Question 37

FIP: Treatment - which antiviral can be used to treat these cases, with the same efficacy as remdesivir?

Answer 37

Molnupiravir

Question 38

Risk of vaccination: because cat vaccines are grown in Crandell Rees feline kidney cell cultures, cats are at a 6x risk of what condition? Because of antigens left that can cause what molecules to form?

Answer 38

Chronic kidney disease, autoantibodies

Question 39

Risk of vaccination: the first dose of which vaccine can cause immune-mediated polyarthritis in kittens?

Answer 39

Feline calicivirus

Question 40

FPV & FeLV provide solid immunity, but ______ & _______ vaccines only protect against clinical signs

Answer 40

FCV, FHV-1

Question 41

Vaccine guidelines vs datasheets - which one should we use?

Answer 41

Guidelines

Question 42

Vaccination timing: colostrum-deprived kittens should be started on vaccines earlier, around ___ weeks of age. Vaccination should be through _________ vaccines or __________ __________ (unrelated mother cat plasma?)

Answer 42

4, killed, passive immunity

Question 43

Vaccination timing: if maternally derived antibodies are strong, start kitten vaccination at >= ____ weeks

Answer 43

16

Question 44

Live vs killed/dead vaccines & protection: Which core feline vaccine should be given killed/dead?

Answer 44

FHV-1

Question 45

Vaccination boosters: for the core vaccines (FPV, FCV, FHV-1, FeLV) a healthy cat at low risk should receive a booster every ___ years

Answer 45

3

Question 46

FPV: Late-stage gestation or neonatal infection -> can result in profound & permanent suppression of the _________ system, thymic atrophy, retinal dysplasia, and ___________ _____________ (cf CPV)

Answer 46

Immune, cerebellar hypoplasia

Question 47

FPV: Older kitten infections -> range from subclinical to peracute death, symptoms often involve __________ with a particular smell, and sometimes blood

Answer 47

Diarrhea

Question 48

FIA: Route of transmission is via saliva through _________ and ________

Answer 48

Biting, fleas

Question 49

FIA: Which kind of test should be used for this disease? (abbreviation)

Answer 49

PCR

Question 50

FeLV & FIV: Horizontal transmission within households is more likely to occur with which of these viruses?

Answer 50

FeLV

Question 51

FeLV: In general, what percentage of cats have - 1. Progressive infection = _____, 2. Regressive infection = _____, 3. Abortive infection = _____

Answer 51

30%, 30%, 30%

Question 52

FeLV: What type of infection? Progressive, regressive, or abortive? ELISA -, PCR -, NAb +

Answer 52

Abortive

Question 53

FeLV & FIV: Which clinical sign is seen in 5-15% of FeLV+, and also seen in FIV+? FeLV viremic cats are at 50x risk for lymphoma

Answer 53

Neoplasia

Question 54

FIV: Up to 20% of FIV-infected cats do not have detectable antibody due to _________ infection, terminal __________ ____________, relative/absolute lack of __________, or failure of test system -> retest via ______

Answer 54

Early, immune collapse, antibody, PCR

Question 55

FeLV & FIV: Because of their anti-inflammatory action, which drugs are useful in these cats?

Answer 55

Corticosteroids ## Footnote Ex. Prednisolone

Question 56

Cat flu: This disease is most often caused by which two viruses? (full names)

Answer 56

Feline herpesvirus-1, feline calicivirus

Question 57

Cat flu: If a cat presents with corneal lesions, which viral causative agent should we suspect? (abbreviation)

Answer 57

FHV-1

Question 58

Cat flu: To reach a definitive diagnosis, we can swab which two structures for PCR?

Answer 58

Eye, pharynx

Question 59

FHV-1: Which amino acid can be given to treat this disease, and works by outcompeting arginine?

Answer 59

L-lysine ## Footnote ***cats must get non-medicated food at least once a day, as arginine is essential for them every single day!

Question 60

FHV-1 & FCV: Method of spread = __________ over 1-2m

Answer 60

Aerosol

Question 61

Cat flu: What is the mortality rate of VS-FCV? Death can occur in 4-9 days

Answer 61

>50%

Question 62

VS-FCV: Clinical signs of this disease include subcutaneous _________, ulcerative ____________, peripheral & systemic ____________, and coagulopathy

Answer 62

Edema, dermatitis, vasculitis

Question 63

VS-FCV: Crowded, high-stress rescue centers with FCV allow for an increase in FCV ___________ -> many different _________, persistent infections, __________ infections

Answer 63

Biodiversity, strains, multiple

Question 64

FIP: Prevalence in multicat households is _____________, death in multicat households is ____________

Answer 64

Common, uncommon

Question 65

FIP: Pathogenesis - _______ infection -> replication in __________ & _____________ -> lives in _____________ -> ____________ infection -> _____________ dissemination -> FIP = _____ __________ FCoV replicating within _____________

Answer 65

Oral, pharynx, intestines, enterocytes, systemic, widespread, 2x mutated, macrophages

Question 66

FIP: Factors affecting response to FCoV - 1. Viral __________ -> Cyprus 2. Dose of virus -> ___________ spread 3. Age -> most sick are __________ 4. Genetics -> most sick are pedigree 5. Sex -> most sick are _______

Answer 66

Strain, orofecal, young, male

Question 67

FIP: Wet/effusive form tends to be acute & progresses __________. Presents with accumulation of ______ __________ __________ in body cavities, inflammation of blood vessels

Answer 67

Rapidly, high protein fluid

Question 68

FIP: Dry/non-effusive form is usually more _________, vague & insidious. Has variable signs, often affecting the ______ (uveitis/color change), and the ______ (ataxia, seizures)

Answer 68

Chronic, eye, CNS

Question 69

FIP: Diagnosing this disease is generally by proving a _______ viral load in ___________ (cell type), usually by sampling effusions and using qualitative RT-PCR

Answer 69

High, macrophages

Question 70

FIP: Peritoneal or pleural fluid analysis shows _______ protein, _______ cell count, with ___________ & ____________ (cell types), and high AGP

Answer 70

High, low, neutrophils, macrophages

Question 71

FIP: What kind of PCR should we use for the diagnosis of this disease? It should be used alongside which other diagnostic aid?

Answer 71

Quantitative, cytology