Infectious Diseases

Question 1

Syphilis presentation and management?

Answer 1

• Painless genital ulcer, firm, ulcerated lesion
• Mx: Benzathine benzylpenicillin

Ddx: Gonorrhoea/Chlamydia- would also present with penile discharge

Question 2

Animal bite for eg. cat bite mx?

Answer 2

Co-Amoxiclav

Question 3

Most common pathogen causing pyelonephritis (UTI) ?

Answer 3

E-coli
- Patients should have mid-stream urine sample sent.

Question 4

Patient with confirmed bacterial meningitis: management for household contacts?

Answer 4

Give 1 dose of oral Ciprofloxacin (abx.) to all close contacts within 7 days.
- Other additional medication that can be given: Dexamethasone

Question 5

What bacteria would meropenem cover that Tazocin would not?

Answer 5

ESBL bacteria (extended spectrum beta lactamase)

Question 6

What class of bacteria is Vancomycin generally effective against?

Answer 6

Gram POSITIVE bacteria

Question 7

Basic classification of Mycobacteria?

Answer 7

• Gram positive rods

Question 8

Which antibiotics work by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis (and do NOT have a beta-lactam ring)?

Answer 8

• Vancomycin
• Teicoplanin

Question 9

Which antibiotic reduces to its active form only INSIDE anaerobic bacteria and works by inhibiting DNA synthesis?

Answer 9

Metronidazole

Question 10

Basic classification of Clostridium bacteria?

Answer 10

Gram +ve ANaerobes

Question 11

Basic mechanism of action (M.O.A) of Macrolide Abx?

Answer 11

• They INHIBIT protein synthesis by targeting ribosomes.

Question 12

what type of bacteria is Clarithromycin effective against?

Answer 12

• Gram +ve AND Atypical bacteria(eg. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumonia ptissaci and Coxiella Burnetti)

Question 13

Classification of Streptococcus Pyogenes?

Answer 13

• Gram +ve Cocci

Question 14

What type of bacteria are Penicillin usually effective against?

Answer 14

Gram +ve bacteria

Question 15

clindamycin effective against?

Answer 15

• Gram positive anaerobes

Question 16

What classification of bacteria is Doxycycline effective against?

Answer 16

All:
- gram positive
- gram negative
- anaerobic
- atypical bacteria

Question 17

Gentamicin against which type of bacteria?

Answer 17

• Gram NEGATIVE bacteria

Question 18

Difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?

Answer 18

• Gram positive bacteria: have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall
  AND
• stains with crystal violet stain

Question 19

Co-amoxiclav effective against?

Answer 19

• gram positive
• gram negative
• anaerobic bacteria

Question 20

Classification of E.coli bacteria?

Answer 20

• Gram negative

Question 21

Which antibiotics work by INHIBITING FOLIC ACID metabolism in the bacteria?

Answer 21

• Trimethoprim
• Sulfamethoxazole

Question 22

Classification of ListeRia bacteria?

Answer 22

gram +ve rods

Question 23

what is metronidazole effective against?

Answer 23

Anaerobic bacteria eg. Clostridium

Question 24

what antibiotic works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis + has a beta lactam ring?

Answer 24

• Penicillin
• Carbapenem (eg. meropenem)
• Cephalosporin

Question 25

Basic classification of Klebsiella (eg. Klebsiella Pneumoniae) bacteria?

Answer 25

Gram negative NB: same as PseudomoNas Aeruginosa, Haemophilus Influenzae

Question 26

Classification of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae?

Answer 26

Atypical bacteria

Question 27

What type of bacteria is Ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolones) effective against?

Answer 27

- Gram Negative - Atypical Bacteria