Infectious diseases

Question 1

a new infection that develops during a hospitalization

Answer 1

nosocomial

Question 2

3 most common nosocomial infections

Answer 2

surgical site infection
pneumonia
central vascular line

Question 3

neutropenic precautions

Answer 3

specifically for pts with low WBC

Question 4

in aging, number of lymphocytes is _________ but….

Answer 4

the same, but morphologically inferior

Question 5

where do pathogens/agents hang out?

Answer 5

reservoirs

Question 6

3 steps of chain of transmission

Answer 6

1. portal of exit
2. transmission
3. modes of entry in susceptible host

Question 7

how does chemotherapy make pts immunocompromised?

Answer 7

kills all cells - some WBCs

Question 8

neutropenic precautions are for patients with…

Answer 8

low WBC count

Question 9

“protective isolations” of neutropenic pts means…

Answer 9

they’ll be put in a single bed room

Question 10

biggest thing to watch for in a neutropenic pt

Answer 10

fever

Question 11

__________ response more common upon aging

Answer 11

autoimmune

Question 12

microorganisms transferred with no intermediate

Answer 12

direct contact transmission

Question 13

transfer of infectious agent through an intermediate

Answer 13

indirect contact transmission

Question 14

how far can droplets fly

Answer 14

<3 ft

Question 15

3 examples of droplet transmission

Answer 15

1. MRSA
2. flu
3. SARS

Question 16

2 main examples of airborne transmission

Answer 16

1. tuberculosis

2. varicella

Question 17

CRE is resistant to __________

Answer 17

cleaning solutions

Question 18

2 biggest things about indirect transmission

Answer 18

1. will live on surface for a long time

2. hard 2 kill

Question 19

CRE transmission type

Answer 19

indirect contact

Question 20

most common nosocomial infection

Answer 20

staph

Question 21

suparative

Answer 21

pus forming

Question 22

most common suparative infection

Answer 22

staph

Question 23

how does staph spread?

Answer 23

indirect contact

Question 24

main differences between bacteremia and septicemia

Answer 24

1. S = multiplying bacteria
2. B can resolve w/o treatment
3. S can progress to sepsis
4. S treated by antibiotics

Question 25

transmission of acenitobacter

Answer 25

contact

Question 26

how long can acenitobacter live on skin?

Answer 26

2-3 days

Question 27

acenitobacter frequently seen in ______ pts

Answer 27

vent

Question 28

MRSA is resistant to all drugs EXCEPT ________

Answer 28

vancomycin

Question 29

APTA guidelines regarding MRSA

Answer 29

colonized area contained for clinic treatment

Question 30

candida transmission

Answer 30

direct contact

Question 31

fungal infection that colonizes body cavities

Answer 31

candida

Question 32

_______________ is a growing problem in candida

Answer 32

fluconazole resistant strain

Question 33

bone inflammation that can be secondary to staph

Answer 33

osteomyelitis

Question 34

where does VRE colonize?

Answer 34

digestive and urinary tract

Question 35

transmission of strep

Answer 35

indirect contact

Question 36

strep is highly __________

Answer 36

contagious

Question 37

most common cause of pneumonia

Answer 37

streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 38

infection associated with trauma and ischemia

Answer 38

necrotizing fasciitis

Question 39

necrotizing fasciitis is ________ if untreated

Answer 39

lethal

Question 40

pseudomonas aurengiosum transmission

Answer 40

contact

Question 41

pseudomonas aurengiosum population

Answer 41

IV drug users

Question 42

pseudomonas aurengiosum characteristics

Answer 42

fruity odor, yellow/green, nosocomial

Question 43

TB transmission

Answer 43

airborne

Question 44

over how many feet can airborne transmission occur?

Answer 44

>12

Question 45

flu transmission

Answer 45

droplet

Question 46

causes annual outbreaks in infants and v young kiddos

Answer 46

respiratory synctial virus (RSV)

Question 47

HIV transmission

Answer 47

direct contact

Question 48

use alcohol based hand cleaners for all infections EXCEPT:

Answer 48

c difficile

Question 49

c diff precautions

Answer 49

contact

Question 50

SARS

Answer 50

severe acute respiratory syndrome

Question 51

SARS has a long _______

Answer 51

incubation period

Question 52

transmission of SARS is associated with these two things in HCW:

Answer 52

1. close contact | 2. inconsistent use of PPE

Question 53

a form of atypical pneumonia

Answer 53

legionnaire's disease

Question 54

legionnaire's disease is often found where....

Answer 54

temps allow bacteria to thrive

Question 55

describe appropriate transmission based precautions for legionnares

Answer 55

no real transmission precautions bc only spread with the special equipment, not person-to-person

Question 56

most common to see an infection associated w implanted devices in a....

Answer 56

TKR

Question 57

pts who have infections associated w implanted device have very long......

Answer 57

recovery periods - have to take it out and put a new one in

Question 58

based on principle that all fluids, mucous membranes and excretions may contain infectious agents

Answer 58

standard precautions

Question 59

one excretion that is not included in standard precautions

Answer 59

sweat

Question 60

3 things that can dec hand hygiene

Answer 60

1. jewelry 2. length of nails 3. artificial nails

Question 61

standard precautions should reduce incidence of which two transmissions?

Answer 61

direct and indirect

Question 62

3 categories of transmission-based precautions

Answer 62

1. contact 2. airborne 3. droplet

Question 63

2 common infections that need contact precautions

Answer 63

1. VRE | 2. c diff

Question 64

explain cohorting

Answer 64

combining pts with similar infections in rooms to control MRSA and VRE

Question 65

PPE donning/doffing order

Answer 65

1. gown 2. mask/respirator 3. goggles/face shield 4. gloves

Question 66

pts who need droplet precautions should wear a _____ when outside room

Answer 66

mask

Question 67

what is necessary to don for droplet precautions?

Answer 67

mask - not respirator

Question 68

room with air exhausted directly to the outside or recirculated

Answer 68

airborne infection isolation room

Question 69

turn off this tube during therapy

Answer 69

feeding

Question 70

wear PPE when suctioning or mobing pt with uncapped __________

Answer 70

tracheostomy

Question 71

avoid _________ foley _____________

Answer 71

raising foley above bladder level

Question 72

5 recommended vaccinations

Answer 72

1. hep b 2. flu 3. MMR 4. varicella 5. tetanus