Quiz 1c Flashcards
1
Q
3 main portions of respiratory system
A
- Upper airway
- Lower airway
- Terminal alveoli
2
Q
How many generations of airways are there?
A
26
3
Q
5 parts of upper airway
A
- Nasal cavities
- Sinuses
- Pharynx
- Tonsils
- Larynx
4
Q
3 parts of lower airway (conducting airway)
A
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Nonrespiratory bronchioles
5
Q
Describe differences between R and L lungs
A
R: bigger, 3 lobes
L: 2 lobes, lingula, cardiac notch
6
Q
3 “or”s to classify pulmonary disease
A
- Acute or chronic
- Obstructive or restrictive
- Infectious or noninfectious
7
Q
Term for coughing up blood
A
Hemoptysis
8
Q
DOE
A
Dyspnea on exertion
9
Q
Shortness of breath
A
Dyspnea
10
Q
Pt can’t sleep flat - sign of pulm and cardiac diseases
A
Orthopnea
11
Q
Nail beds swollen and rounded
A
Clubbing
12
Q
Increased respiratory rate
A
Tachypnea
13
Q
5 common sites for referred pain
A
- Chest
- Ribs
- Upper trap
- Shoulder
- T spine
14
Q
Pulmonary pain increases with ______________
A
Inspiratory movements
15
Q
________ pleura is sensitive to pain; _______ pleura is not sensitive to pain
A
Parietal (rib cage lining); visceral (lines lungs)
16
Q
Outermost of the pleural membranes
A
Parietal
17
Q
Thin serous membrane tissue layer than sticks to lung surface
A
Visceral
18
Q
What’s between visceral and parietal pleura?
A
Pleural cavity
19
Q
Dificient oxygenation of arterial blood
A
Hypoxemia
20
Q
Caused by respiratory alterations
A
Hypoxemia
21
Q
Causes cell death
A
Hypoxemia
22
Q
Normal PaO2 of blood
A
80-100
23
Q
Accumulation of fluid in the tissues and air spaces of the lung
A
Pulmonary edema
24
Q
Most commonly caused by heart disease, especially left ventricular disfunction (LVF)
A
Pulmonary edema
25
Inflammation affected the parenchyma of the lungs
Pneumonia
26
Pneumonia at the level of the lobes
Lobar pneumonia
27
Pneumonia at the level of bronchioles and alveoli
Bronchopneumonia
28
4 etiologies of pneumonia
1. Bacterial
2. Viral
3. Inhalation
4. Aspiration
29
Vaccination of this condition is recommended for those over 65, or with chronic disorders, HIV, or poorly controlled DM
Pneumonia
30
4 stages of recovery of pneumonia
1. Consolidation
2. Red hepatization
3. Gray hepatization
4. Resolution
31
Starts 24 hours after contact with infection; fluid displaces some of the air
Consolidation
32
Blood leaks into air leaks (stage of p)
Red hepatization
33
Caused by breakdown of accumulated RBC (stages of P)
Gray hepatization
34
Can see discolored or bloody sputum; infection is clearing (stages of p)
Resolution
35
PCP
Pneunocystis carinii pneumonia
36
Parasitic infection seen in AIDS
PCP
37
First indicator of conversion from HIV to AIDS
PCP
38
Infectious, inflammatory systemic disease that affects lungs and may disseminate to involve lymph nodes and other organs
TB
39
Characterized by granulomas, caseous necrosis and cavity formation
TB
40
TB: primary infection involves:
Spreads to:
Then travels to:
1. Middle or lower lung area
2. Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
3. Bloodstream
41
When do signs of TB usually appear?
Late - usually after one year
42
Lung atelectasis
Collapsed lung
43
_________ resistant TB is a problem
Multidrug
44
Etiology of TB
Inhalation of infected airborne particles
45
How long do TB meds need to be taken?
6-9 mo
46
How to ID TB on xray
Usually round dot
47
Inflammation of the trachea and bronchi
Acute bronchitis
48
Acute bronchitis results from (2)
Chemicals and viral infections
49
If no treatment, acute bronchitis can lead to
Pneumonia
50
3 disorders COPD refers to
1. Obstructive bronchitis
2. Emphysema
3. Asthma
51
Goal of COPD treatment
Improve PaO2 and decrease CO2 retention; prevent resp infection
52
Productive cough lasting 3 mo
Chronic obstructive bronchitis
53
Main causative agent of COB
Smoking
54
______________ tends to produce collapse of tissue
Forced expiration
55
Obstruction results from changes in lung tissue rather than mucus
Emphysema
56
Inflammation of airways causing bronchospasm with SOB and wheezing
Asthma
57
Caused by increased reaction of AW to various stimuli
Asthma
58
For exercise induced asthma, use ___________ prior to exercise
Bronchodilators 20-30 min
59
Nonallergic, adult onset asthma; secondary to chronic infections
Intrinsic asthma
60
Allergic asthma
Extrinsic asthma
61
Progressive form of obstructive lung disease characterized by irreversible destruction and dilation of AWs associated with chronic bacterial infections
Bronchiectasis
62
Pus bags
Bronchiectasis
63
Severe inflammation of the lower airways caused by viral infection
Bronchiolitis
64
Children under 2 are most commonly affected
Bronchiolitis
65
Episodes of cessation of breathing occurring at transition from NREM to REM with repeated wakenings
Sleep apnea
66
Sleep apnea defined as...
More than 5 cessations for at least 10 sec each per hour
67
Role of CPAP
Keeps alveoli inflated so pt gets better gas exchange
68
Limit lung expansion
Restrictive lung diseases
69
Autoimmune disease of CT with excessive collagen deposition in skin and internal organs
Scleroderma
70
Granulomas throughout body - a collection of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes taking nodular form
Sarcoidosis
71
Excessive fibrous tissue in lung that replace normal tissue due to chronic inflammation
Pulmonary fibrosis
72
Multiple rib fractures or fx of the sternum, may cause paradoxical movement of chest
Flail chest
73
1 or more fxs of adjacent ribs on the same side
Flail chest
74
Group of disorders resulting from inhalation of industrial substances
Pneumoconiosis
75
Smaller dust particle =
More dangerous
76
Produces mucosal injury via hot gases
Smoke inhalation
77
________________ injury in upper airway produces edema and obstruction
Thermal
78
Inherited disease of exocrine glands
CF
79
CF: altered __________ and __________ channels
Chloride; sodium
80
Dehydration with increased viscosity of secretions from mucous glands
CF
81
Collapse resulting from removal of air from obstructed or hypoventilated alveoli
Obstructive-absorptive type atelectasis
82
Lung collapse due to air, blood or fluid filling the pleural space
Compressive type
83
Pulmonary edema is not a
Disease
84
Fluid in the lungs which leak into interstitial tissue and in alveoli
Pulmonary edema
85
Result of injury to the lung by a variety of disorders
ARDS
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome
86
Fluids, proteins and cells leak from the capillary; leads to PE and alveolar collapse
ARDS
87
Mortality rate of ARDS
50-70%
88
Most frequent cause of CA death in the US
Lung cancer
89
Two classification of lung CA
Small cell lung CA 20%
| Non small cell lung CA 90%
90
4 types of primary malignant lung tumors
SCLC: oat cell
NSCLC: squamous cell carcinoma, adencarcinoma, large cell carcinoma
91
Lung CA spreads to
Bone
92
Cells become so dense that there is almost no cytoplasm
Oat cell (small cell)
93
Type of lung CA w poorest prognosis
Large cell
94
2 types of lung CA that develop near hilum
Small cell, squamous cell
95
2 types of lung CA that arise in periphery
Adenocarcinoma, large cell
96
Central lung CA tumors ____________
Obstruct airflow
97
Peripheral lung CA tumors only produce pain when
Pleura is affected
98
Lung CA tumors of apex invade __________
Brachial plexus
99
Lodging of a blood clot in a pulmonary artery
Pulmonary embolism
100
Consider the possibility of pulm embolism following ____ and _____ surgery
Hip and knee
101
Signs/symptoms of atelectasis (6)
1. Dyspnea
2. Tachypnea
3. Cyanosis
4. Fever
5. Dec BP
6. Shock
102
8 signs/symptoms of CF
1. Fatty stools
2. Meconium ileus at birth
3. Prolapse of rectum (rectocele)
4. Risk of impaction
5. Chronic cough and sputum production
6. Increased risk of infection
7. Reduced o2-co2 exchange
8. Acidosis
103
8 signs/symptoms of COB
1. Cough with mucus
2. Cyanosis
3. Prolonged expiration
4. Recurrent infection
5. SOB
6. Hypoxemia
7. Hypertrophy of mucus producing cells
8. Air trapping
