Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

USMLE > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Injury Byproducts, cardiac myocytes

A

Myoglobin, troponin I, CPK, CKMB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Injury Byproducts, skeletal muscle

A

CPK, Aldolase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Injury Byproducts, hepatocytes

A

AST, ALT, alk phos, GGT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Injury Byproducts, salivary glands

A

Amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Injury Byproducts, pancreas

A

amylase, lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Injury Byproducts RBCs

A

Heme, bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

acute phase cytokines

A

IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Granulomatous disease

A

M TB, fungal, Treponema pallidum, bartonella henselae, sarcoidosis, crohn’s, berylliosis (people who work in beryllium mines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

elevated sed rate

A

polymyositis, polymyalgia rheumatics/temporal arteritis, RA disease activity, inflammation, malignancy, Osteomyslitis identification, Temporal arteritis, pregnancy, SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

C-Reactive Protein

A

opsonizes bacteria and activates complement. Can be secreted from cells within atherosclerotic lawues to activate local endothelial cells to induce protprombotic state and increase adhesivenenss to leukocytes. Elevations predictor or MI stroke and PAD or sudden cardiac death. Can be lowered by smoking cessation, exercise, weight loss, and statins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fibrinoid necrosis is seen in

A

blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Key growth factors promoting angiogenesis

A

VEGF and FGF. (IL-1 and INF-gamma can increase VEGF indirectly promoting angiogenesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

upper limb lymph drainage

A

axillary nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

stomach lymph drainage

A

celiac nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

duodenum jejunum lymph drainiage

A

superior mesenteric nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

signoid colon lymph drainiage

A

Colic -> inferior mesenteric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rectum (above pectinate) lymph drainage

A

internal iliac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

anal canal lymph drainiage

A

superficial inguinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Testes lymph drainage

A

polymyositis, polymyalgia rheumatics/temporal arteritis, RA disease activity, inflammation, malignancy, Osteomyslitis identification, Temporal arteritis, pregnancy, SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

scrotum lymph drainage

A

superficial inguinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thigh lymph drainage

A

superficial inguinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

later dorsum foot lymph

A

popliteal lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

R lymphatic duct

A

drains R arm and R half of head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thoracic duct

A

drains everything the R lymphatic duct doesn’t. Drains at the jnct of L subclavian and internal jugular veins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
HLA-A3
Hemochromatosis
26
HLA-B27
Psoriasis, Ankylosing Spondylitis, IBD, Reiter's (PAIR)
27
HLA-B8
Grave's
28
HLA-DR2
MS, Hay fever, SLE, Goodpasture's
29
HLA-DR3
Diabetes I
30
DR4
Rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes I
31
HLA-DR5
Pernicious anemia, Hashimoto's thyroiditis
32
HLA-DR7
Steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome
33
TCR
T cell receptor that binds antigen-MHC
34
CD3
Marker for all T cells, associated with TCR for signal transduction
35
CD28
T cell second signal that binds B7(CD80 or CD86) on APC
36
CD19
B cell receptor
37
CD20
B cell marker
38
CD21
B cell receptor, marker for EBV
39
CD40
B cell and APCs, T cell has CD40L for co-stimulatory signal along with cytokines for class switching
40
CD14
LPS receptor on macrophage
41
Macrophage receptors
CD40, CD14, B7, MHCII, Fc and C3b receptors
42
B cell receoptors
CD 19-21, CD40, MHCII and B7
43
NK cell Marker
CD16 (binds Fc of IgG), CD56 (unique to NK)
44
CD16
Binds to constant region of Fc. Found on NK cells, Macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils. Recognize and kill immunoglobulin coated cells by ADCC
45
Anti-ANA
SLE screening
46
Anti-dsDNA
SLE specific, especially for renal disease
47
Anti-Smith
Anti-RNP, SLE specific
48
antihistone
Drug-induced lupus
49
anti-IgG
Rheumatoid factor, RA
50
Anticentromere
scleroderma (CREST)
51
Anti-CCP
Most specific for RA
52
Anti-Scl-70
Anti-DNA topoisomerase, Diffuse Scleroderma
53
Anti-mitochondrial
Primary biliary cirrhosis
54
Antigliadin antiendomysial
Celiac disease
55
anti-basement membrane
Goodpastures
56
Anti-desmoglein
Pemphigus vulgaris
57
Antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin
Hashimoto's
58
Anti-Jo-1
Polymyositis, dermatomyositis
59
Anti-SS-A (Ro)/Anti-SS-B(La)
Sjogren's
60
Anti-U1 RNP
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (resonds to corticosteroids and has minimal renal involvemtn)
61
Anti-smooth muscle
Autoimmune hepatitis
62
Anti-glutamate decarboxylase
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
63
c-ANCA
Wegener's vasculitis
64
p-ANCA
Other vasculitides
65
Antiphospholipid
lupus or antiphospholipid syndrome (hypercoagulability with paradoxical PTT elongation, recurrent miscairrage)
66
Anti-MPO-ANCA
Pauci immune crescentic glomerulonephritis
67
Causes of Amyloidosis
Bence Jones(Ig light chains from MM), Secondary (serum amyloid-associated protein from chronic inflam diseases), Senile cardiac (Transthyretin), DMII (Amylin protein), Medullary thyroid carcinoma A-CAL (Calcitonin), Alzheimer's Disease (beta-amyloid from APP), Dialysis (Beta-microglobulin from MHC class I proteins)
68
CD25
Expressed on regulatory T cells
69
Classic Compliment Pathway
IgG or IgM mediated (antigen-antibody complexes) - begins with C1
70
Alternative pathway
Microbial surfaces (starts with C3)
71
Lectin pathway
(A lectin is a protein that binds a sugar) - Starts with C1-like complex that activates C4.
72
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
Hereditary angioedema. Elevated levels of Bradykinin. ACE inhibitors contraindicated
73
C5 - C9 deficiency
Neisseria infections
74
C3 deficiency
Severe recurrent sinus and respiratory tract infections. Increased susceptibility to Type III hypersensitivity (glomerulonephritis).
75
DAF (GPI anchored enzyme)
Leads to hereditary paroxismal nocturnal hemoglobinuria - Complement-mediated lysis of RBCs
76
Arthus Reaction
Type III hypersensitivity. Intradermal injection of antigen induces antibodies which form antigen-antibody comlexes in the skin. Characterized by edema necrosis and activation of complement.
77
Bruton's (x-linked) Agammaglobulinemia
Defective Tyrosine kinase -> blocks pro-B-cells from maturation; low Ig's; Infections after 6 months
78
Hyper IgM
Inability to switch classes d/t CD40L on T cells; High IgM; Recurrent infections
79
Selective Ig Deficiency
Defect in class switching; Low IgA; Anaphylaxis on blood transfusion if IgA in blood; Milk allergies, diarrhea
80
Common Variable Immune deficiency
Defect in B cell maturation; Low plasma cells, Low Ig's; Risk for autoimmunity, lymphoma, sinopulmonary infections
81
Thymic Aplasia
DiGeorge; Cleft palate, Viral/fungal infections, congenital heart defects, great vessel defects, hypocalcemia (tetany)
82
IL-12 Receptor deficiency
Decreased Th1 response; low IFN-gamma; MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS (can't create granuloma)
83
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job's Syndrome)
Th1 cells fail to produce IFN-gamma leading to decreased ability of neutrophil chemotaxis; coarse facial features, COLD abscesses, retained primary Teeth, Dermatologic problems (eczema), Increased IgE
84
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Due to T cell dysfunction; treat with ketoconazole
85
Severe Combined Immunodefiency (SCID)
Adenosine deaminase deficiency or Inability to synthesize class II MHC, or no IL-2 receptor; Recurrent viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal infections d/t both T and B cell deficiency; Absent thymic shadow, germinal centers, and B cells. Treat with Bone marrow transplant
86
Ataxia-Telangiectasia
Problem with ATM gene. Susceptibility to Radiation, Decreased IgA, Sinopulmonary deficiency, Increased risk for leukemia lymphoma, ataxia, spider angiomas
87
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
X-linked recessive defect, deletion of B and T cells; Eczema, thrombocytopenia, decreased IgM (increased IgE and IgA)
88
Chediak-Higashie
Autosomal Recessive, problem with microtubule formation in phagosome lysosome fusion, LYSE gene; recurrent staph and strep infections; partial albinism, peripheral neuropathy
89
Chronic Granulomatosis
NADPH deficiency; increased infections from staph, e coli, aspergillis, pseudomonas, klebsiella; nitroblue tetrazolium test; prophylaxis with IFN-gamma and SMX-TMP
90
Myeloperoxidase defeciency
Defect in myeloperoxidase; susceptibility to catalse positive and negatice organisms; Even when peroxide is around having no myeloperoxidase, can't make any ROS (vs in granulomatos disease myeloperoxidase is still okay)
91
Why does silicosis make patients susceptible to TB
Macrophages consume silicosis which disrupts fusion of the phagolysosome and impairs killing important in mycobacterial infections
92
Acute rejection histology
Vasculitis w dense lymphocytic infiltrate
93
Chronic Rejection histology
Obliterative vascular fibrosis; fibrosis of graft tissue and blood vessels
94
Live vaccines
MMR, Polio, varicella, yellow fever, intranasal influenza
95
Killed vaccines
Polio (salk), Rabies, Influenza, Cholera, HepA

USMLE (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions