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USMLE > USMLE Deck2 > Flashcards

USMLE Deck2 Flashcards

(115 cards)

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1
Q

Most common cancer in men

A

Prostate > lung > colon

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2
Q

Most common cancer in women

A

Breast > Lung > Colorectal > uterine

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3
Q

Most common cancer mortality in men

A

Lung > prostate > colorectal > pancreas

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4
Q

Most common cancer mortality in women

A

Lung > breast > colon > oancreas

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5
Q

abl

A

tyrosine kinase; CML

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6
Q

c-myc

A

Transcription factor; Burkitt’s t(8;14)

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7
Q

bcl-2

A

anti-apoptosis; follicular and undifferentiatiod lymphomas t(14;18)

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8
Q

erb-B2

A

Tyrosine Kinase (HER2/neu) targeted by trastizumab; breast, ovarian and gastric

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9
Q

ras

A

GTPase; K-ras->colon, lung pancreas; H-ras->bladder, kidney tumors; N-ras->melanomas, hematologic

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10
Q

L-myc

A

Transcription factor; Lung

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11
Q

N-myc

A

Transcription factor; neuroblastoma

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12
Q

ret

A

Tyrosine Kinase (neurotrophic growth factor); MEN IIA and IIB; papillary thyroid carcinoma

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13
Q

c-Kit

A

Cytokine receptor; GI stromal tumor

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14
Q

Rb

A

blocks G1->S by binding E2F; retinoblastoma

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15
Q

p53

A

glocks G1->S; most cancers

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16
Q

BRCA

A

DNA Repair; breast and ovarian

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17
Q

p16

A

Melanoma

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18
Q

APC

A

Associated with FAP, Colorectal cancer

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19
Q

WT1

A

Wilm’s tumor

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20
Q

DPC

A

Deleted in Pancreatic cancer

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21
Q

DCC

A

Deleted in colon cancer

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22
Q

HNCC

A

inactivation of DNA mismatch repair (microsatellite alterations)

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23
Q

Cyclin D

A

Mantle cell lymphoma t(11;14)

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24
Q

CDK4

A

Melanoma

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25
PDGF-beta
Astrocytoma
26
TGF-alpha
Astrocytoma and hepatocellular carcinoma
27
HER2/neu
Growth factor receptor; breast tissue
28
Drugs with low therapeutic index
Lithium, digoxin, warfarin, phenobarbital
29
Cigarette smoke associated cancers
Lung (squamous and small cell), Oral (squamous laryngeal and squamous esophageal), Pancreatic, bladder, and renal cell
30
aflatoxin
mutation in p53, aspergillus in food -> hepatocellular carcinoma
31
Nitrosamines
gastric cancer
32
vinyl chloride
angiosarcoma of the liver
33
CCl4
liver disease
34
asbestos
mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma (more commonly)
35
Naphthalene dyes
In moth balls -> transitional cell bladder cancer (along with smoking)
36
Alkylating agents
Leukemia
37
Arsenic
alloys, pesticides, squamous cell carrcinoma angiosarcoma
38
Li Fraumeni syndrom
AD inherited mutation in p53; have many cancer especially sarcomas, adrenal, neural etc.
39
DNA REPAIR DISEASES
HNPCC, Xeroderma pigmentosum (excision repair defect-unusaully sensitive to sunlight because can't repair T-T dimers), Ataxia-telangiectasia (ataxia, telangiectasia, increased risk of lymphoma and leukemi)
40
Assoc. w what neoplasm: Down syndrome
ALL, AML
41
Assoc. w what neoplasm: Xeroderma pigmentosum; albinism
melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinomas of skin
42
Assoc. w what neoplasm: Atrophi gastritis, pernicious anemia, postsurgical gastric remnants
Gastric Adenocarcinoma
43
Assoc. w what neoplasm: Tuberous Sclerosis
Angiomyolipoma, rhabdomyoma, astrocytoma
44
Assoc. w what neoplasm: Actinic Keratosis
Skin squamous cell
45
Assoc. w what neoplasm: Barrett's esophagus
Esophageal adenocarcinoma
46
Assoc. w what neoplasm: Plummer Vinson syndrome
Esophageal squamous carcinoma
47
Assoc. w what neoplasm: cirrhosis
hepatocellular carcinoma
48
Assoc. w what neoplasm: ulcerative colitis
colonic adenocarcinoma
49
Assoc. w what neoplasm: paget's bone
Osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma
50
Assoc. w what neoplasm: immunodeficiency
Lymphomas
51
Assoc. w what neoplasm: AIDS
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, Kaposi
52
Assoc. w what neoplasm: Autoimmune disease
Lymphoma (such as in hashimoto's thyroiditis)
53
Assoc. w what neoplasm: Acanthosis nigricans
Visceral malignancy (gastric, lung, uterus)
54
Assoc. w what neoplasm: Dysplastic nevus
Malignant melanoma
55
Assoc. w what neoplasm: Radiation
Sarcoma, papillary thyroid cancer, leukemia
56
Drugs contraindicated in sulfa allergy patients
celecoxib, loops (furosemide), thiazide, acetazolamide, probenecid, sulfonamides
57
Anaplastic cell features
High nucleus:cytoplasmic ratio; prominent nucleoli; clumping chromatin; mitotic figures
58
Most common sites to metastatic liver
Colon, stomach, pancreas, breast, lung
59
Mets to brain
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney, GI
60
Bone mets
Prostate, renal cell, tyroid, lung, testes, lung, lymphoma, breast
61
Paraneoplastc: Small cell lung
ACTH or ACTH-like; ADH; Lambert-eaton
62
Paraneoplastc: Intracranial
ADH
63
Paraneoplastc: squamous cell lung
PTHrP (hypercalcemia), TGF-beta, TNF, IL-1
64
Paraneoplastc: Renal cell, hemangioblastoma, hepatocellular, pheochromocytoma
Epo -> polycythemia
65
Paraneoplastc: Thymoma
Lambert Eaton
66
Paraneoplastc: Leukemias and lymphomas
Hyperuricemia and gout
67
Psammoma bodies
Papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid, serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary, meningioma, malignant mesothelioma
68
PSA
Prostate cancer, or other prostate pathologies
69
CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen
colon cancer, pancreatic cancer
70
AFP (alpha fetoprotein)
Hepatocellular or Yolk sac tumor
71
CA-125
Marker for ovarian cancer
72
S-100
melanoma, schwanomma, glial tumor
73
Alk phos
METs to bone, paget's disease of bone
74
Bombesin
Adrenal neuroblastoma, lung, and gastric cancer
75
TRAP
Hairy cell leukemia
76
CA 19-9
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
77
inhibits complement C9 binding
CD55 and CD59
78
NK Cell receptors
CD16
79
Endotoxin receptor on macrophages
CD14
80
Cancer associated with obesity
Esophagus adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, endometrial, gallbladder cancers, thyroid and colon cancer
81
Nephrotoxic/ototoxic drugs
Vancomycin, Aminoglycosides, Loop diuretics, Cisplatin
82
Drugs that interfere with microtubules
Vincristine, vinblastine, paclitaxel, -bendazoles, griseofulvin, colchicine
83
Volume of distribution
Vd = D/C (amount of drug/plasma concentrat)
84
Clearance
CL = Rate of elimination/plasma concentration = [0.7xVd]/(t1/2)] = Vd x K
85
LD
CpxVd/F (Cp = target plasma concentration)
86
Maintenance Dose MD
MD = Cp x CL/F (CL = clearance, F = bioavailability)
87
Half life
t(1/2) = 0.7xVd/(CL); after 4 half-lves 94% has been eliminated, 3 half-lives 88% has been eliminated, 2 half lives 75% has been eliminated and 1 half life has eliminated
88
Therapeutic index TI
TI = LD50/ED50 so a higher TI results in a safer drug; Drugs with low TI: Warfarin, Digoxin, Lithium and Seizure drugs
89
P450 Inhibitors
Macrolides, Amiodarone, Grapefruit juice, Isociazid, Cimetidine, Ritonavir, Acute alcohol, Ciprofloxacin, Ketoconazole, Sulfonamides
90
P450 Inducers
Quinidine, Barbiturates, St. John's wort, Phenytoin, Rifampin, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine, Chronic alcohol
91
Disulfiram-like reaction drugs
Metronidazole, some Cephalosporins, Procarbazine, 1st generation sulfonylureas
92
Sulfa Drugs
Probenecid, Furosemide, Acetazolamide, Celecoxib, Thiazides, Sulfonamide antibiotics, Sulfasalazine, Sulfonylureas
93
Drugs that undergo Zero-order metabolism
Phenytoin, Ethanol, Aspirin
94
-azole
antifungal
95
-cycline
protein synthesis inhibitor, tetracycline
96
-navir
Protease inhibitor
97
-triptan
5-HT1B/1Dagonists (migraine)
98
-ane
Inhalation general anesthetic (ie. Halothane)
99
-caine
Local anesthetic
100
-operidol
Neuroleptic
101
-azine
Neuroleptic, antiemetic
102
-barbital
Barbiturate
103
-zolam
Benzodiazepine
104
-azepam
Benzodiazepine
105
-etine
SSRI (ie Fluoxetine)
106
-ipramine
TCA
107
-triptyline
TCA
108
-olol
Beta antagoinist
109
-terol
beta-2 antagonist
110
-zosin
alpha-1 antagonist
111
-oxin
Cardiac glycoside
112
-pril
ACE-I
113
-afil
Erectile Dysfunction
114
- tropin
pituitary hormone
115
-tidine
H-2 antagonist (Cimetidine)

USMLE (14 decks)

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