Inflammation IV Flashcards
(21 cards)
What kind of diseases are fungal infections (eg histoplasmosis, coccidiodomycosis)?
Granulomatous diseases (p.216)
What kind of disease is treponema pallidum (syphilis)?
Granulomatous disease (p.216)
What kind of disease is M. leprae (leprosy)?
Granulomatous disease (p.216)
What kind of disease is Bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease)?
Granulomatous disease (p.216)
What kind of disease is Sarcoidosis?
Granulomatous disease (p.216)
What kind of disease is Crohn’s disease?
Granulomatous disease (p.216)
What kind of disease is Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)?
Granulomatous disease (p.216)
What kind of disease is Churg-Strauss syndrome?
Granulomatous disease (p.216)
What kind of disease are Berylloisis and Silicosis?
Granulomatous diseases (p.216)
Describe the immune response that leads to granuloma formation.
Th1 cells secrete gamma-interferon, activating macrophages. TNFa from macrophages induces and maintains granuloma formation (p.216)
Name one detrimental side effect of anti-TNF drugs.
Breakdown of sequestering granulomas which leads to disseminated disease (p.216)
What causes a transudate?
Disturbances in colloid osmotic pressure, not inflammation (p.216)
What causes an exudate?
Filtration from the circulatory system into lesions or areas of inflammation (p.216)
What three characteristics define a transudate?
Transudates are: hypocellular, protein poor, and have a specific gravity of less than 1.012 (p.216)
What three characteristics define an exudate?
Exudates are: cellular, protein rich, and have a specific gravity of greater than 1.020 (p.216)
What are the three characteristic causes of a transudate?
Increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure, sodium retention (p.216)
What are the two characteristic causes of an exudate?
Lymphatic obstruction, inflammation (p.216)
What is an Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?
A measure of inflammation- Products of inflammation (e.g. fibrinogen) coat RBCs and cause aggregation. When aggregated, RBCs fall at a faster rate within the test tube (p.217)
Name five conditions that increase ESR.
Infections, inflammation (e.g. temporal arteritis), cancer, pregnancy, SLE (p.217)
Name three conditions that decrease ESR.
Sickle cell (altered RBC shape), Polycythemia (too many RBCs), CHF (unknown cause) (p.217)
What type of poisioning is one of the leading causes of fatality from toxicologic agents in children?
Iron poisioning (p.217)
