inflammation principles

Question 1

inflammation is a process for eliminating

Answer 1

pathogens & damaged tissue

Question 2

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 2

1. rubor
2. calor
3. tumor (swelling)
4. dolor (pain)
5. loss of function

Question 3

histamine is

Answer 3

preformed & released quickly

Question 4

histamine is released by

Answer 4

mast cells, basophils, & platelets

Question 5

prostaglandin are synthesized via

Answer 5

arachidonic acid

Question 6

prostaglandin are released by

Answer 6

mast cells & leukocytes

Question 7

factor XII produces

Answer 7

bradykinin

Question 8

bradykinin role

Answer 8

vasodilator & pain

Question 9

bradykinin is degraded by

Answer 9

angiotensinogen converting enzyme (ACE)

Question 10

ace inhibitors can raise bradykinin levels causing

Answer 10

angioedema

Question 11

bradykinin is degraded by C1 also and a def in C1 can lead to

Answer 11

hereditary angioedema

Question 12

vascular permeability is due to

Answer 12

contraction of endothelial cells creating gaps that occur in post capillary venules

Question 13

oncotic pressure drive fluid into

Answer 13

tissue

Question 14

exudate characteristics

Answer 14

high protein, concentrated

Question 15

exudate seen in

Answer 15

inflammatory edema from high vascular permeability

Question 16

transudate characteristics

Answer 16

low protein, diluted

Question 17

transudate is not due to

Answer 17

inflammation

Question 18

pleural effusion causes

Answer 18

transudate or exudate

Question 19

key mediator for pain

Answer 19

PGE2

Question 20

fever is caused by

Answer 20

pyrogens

Question 21

pyrogens increase

Answer 21

cyclooxygenase & prostaglandins

Question 22

exogenous pyrogen

Answer 22

lipopolysaccharide

Question 23

endogenous pyrogen

Answer 23

IL-1 & TNF alpha

Question 24

prostaglandins alter

Answer 24

temp set point

Question 25

normal WBC count

Answer 25

<11,000

Question 26

bacterial infections are mainly

Answer 26

neutrophils

Question 27

viruses are mainly

Answer 27

lymphocytes

Question 28

acute phase reactants are produced by

Answer 28

liver in response to IL-6

Question 29

c reactive protein activates

Answer 29

complement

Question 30

chronic increased levels are c reactive protein are associated with

Answer 30

coronary artery disease

Question 31

serum amyloid A proteins causes

Answer 31

AA (secondary) amyloidosis

Question 32

ferritin role

Answer 32

iron storage protein

Question 33

ferritin is stored in

Answer 33

macrophages of liver & bone

Question 34

ferritin is __ in inflammation

Answer 34

increased

Question 35

hepcidin inhibits

Answer 35

iron transport

Question 36

hepcidin binds to

Answer 36

ferroportin and iron becomes trapped in cells as ferritin

Question 37

fibrinogen (factor I of clotting cascade) promotes

Answer 37

cellular adhesion

Question 38

rate of RBC sedimentation

Answer 38

ESR

Question 39

ESR is increased by

Answer 39

acute phase reactants in inflammation

Question 40

__ ESR in anemia

Answer 40

increased (bc less RBC to repel each other)

Question 41

negative acute phase reactants

Answer 41

albumin (decreases with inflammation)