Inheritance: Basic Laws and Test Cross

Question 1

Tests can sometimes predict

the risk of developing symptoms. True or False

Answer 1

True

Question 2

patterns in which single-gene traits and disorders occur in families.

CHOICES:
autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, Modes of inheritance, Mendel’s Experiment

Answer 2

Modes of inheritance

Question 3

Huntington’s disease is

autosomal recessive. True or False

Answer 3

False - autosomal dominant

Question 4

Cystic fibrosis is autosomal recessive. True or False

Answer 4

True

Question 5

It affects both sexes and appears in every generation

CHOICES:
autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, Modes of inheritance, Mendel’s Experiment

Answer 5

autosomal dominant

Question 6

It affects both sexes and can skip generations through a carrier

CHOICES:
autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, Modes of inheritance, Mendel’s Experiment

Answer 6

autosomal recessive

Question 7

Described the units of inheritance and how they pass from generation to generation

CHOICES:
autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, Modes of inheritance, Mendel’s Experiment

Answer 7

Mendel’s Experiment

Question 8

Mendel’s laws of inheritance
explain trait transmission in
any haploid species. True or False

Answer 8

False - diploid species

Question 9

Mendel conducted experiments from 1857 to 1863 on traits in 24, 034 plants. True or False

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Parental generation

Answer 10

P1

Question 11

First filial generation

Answer 11

F1

Question 12

Second filial generation

Answer 12

F2

Question 13

Offspring that have the same trait as parents.

CHOICES:
de novo, Wild Type, Heterozygous, Homozygous, Law of segregation, recessive, dominant, True-breeding, hide one expression, Genotype, Phenotype

Answer 13

True-breeding

Question 14

The observed trait

CHOICES:
de novo, Wild Type, Heterozygous, Homozygous, Law of segregation, recessive, dominant, True-breeding, hide one expression, Genotype, Phenotype

Answer 14

dominant

Question 15

The masked trait

CHOICES:
de novo, Wild Type, Heterozygous, Homozygous, Law of segregation, recessive, dominant, True-breeding, hide one expression, Genotype, Phenotype

Answer 15

recessive

Question 16

Monohybrid cross follows one trait. True or False

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Mendel’s idea that elementen separate in the gametes.

CHOICES:
de novo, Wild Type, Heterozygous, Homozygous, Law of segregation, recessive, dominant, True-breeding, hide one expression, Genotype, Phenotype

Answer 17

Law of segregation

Question 18

Experiments confirmed that
hybrids ____________ of a trait, which reappears when hybrids are self-crossed

CHOICES:
de novo, Wild Type, Heterozygous, Homozygous, Law of segregation, recessive, dominant, True-breeding, hide one expression, Genotype, Phenotype

Answer 18

hide one expression

Question 19

carry same alleles TT or tt

CHOICES:
de novo, Wild Type, Heterozygous, Homozygous, Law of segregation, recessive, dominant, True-breeding, hide one expression, Genotype, Phenotype

Answer 19

Homozygous

Question 20

carry different alleles Tt

CHOICES:
de novo, Wild Type, Heterozygous, Homozygous, Law of segregation, recessive, dominant, True-breeding, hide one expression, Genotype, Phenotype

Answer 20

Heterozygous

Question 21

Organism’s alleles

CHOICES:
de novo, Wild Type, Heterozygous, Homozygous, Law of segregation, recessive, dominant, True-breeding, hide one expression, Genotype, Phenotype

Answer 21

Genotype

Question 22

The outward expression of an allele combination

CHOICES:
de novo, Wild Type, Heterozygous, Homozygous, Law of segregation, recessive, dominant, True-breeding, hide one expression, Genotype, Phenotype

Answer 22

Phenotype

Question 23

Most common phenotype

CHOICES:
de novo, Wild Type, Heterozygous, Homozygous, Law of segregation, recessive, dominant, True-breeding, hide one expression, Genotype, Phenotype

Answer 23

Wild Type

Question 24

a dominant mutation arose anew

CHOICES:
de novo, Wild Type, Heterozygous, Homozygous, Law of segregation, recessive, dominant, True-breeding, hide one expression, Genotype, Phenotype

Answer 24

de novo

Question 25

A variant of a gene’s expression arises when the gene undergoes mutation. CHOICES: Mutant phenotype, Punnett Square, compound heterozygote, test cross, OCA2, HERC2, Mendelian, Law of Segregation

Answer 25

Mutant phenotype

Question 26

Two copies of a gene separate with the homologs that carry them when a gamete is produced. CHOICES: Mutant phenotype, Punnett Square, compound heterozygote, test cross, OCA2, HERC2, Mendelian, Law of Segregation

Answer 26

Law of Segregation

Question 27

Represents how genes in gametes join if they are on different chromosomes. CHOICES: Mutant phenotype, Punnett Square, compound heterozygote, test cross, OCA2, HERC2, Mendelian, Law of Segregation

Answer 27

Punnett Square

Question 28

Single-gene disorders are common. True or False

Answer 28

False - rare

Question 29

Phenotypes associated with single genes are influenced by other genes and environmental factors. True or False

Answer 29

True

Question 30

An individual with two different recessive alleles for the same gene CHOICES: Mutant phenotype, Punnett Square, compound heterozygote, test cross, OCA2, HERC2, Mendelian, Law of Segregation

Answer 30

compound heterozygote

Question 31

Crossing an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual is called a _______ CHOICES: Mutant phenotype, Punnett Square, compound heterozygote, test cross, OCA2, HERC2, Mendelian, Law of Segregation

Answer 31

test cross

Question 32

Mendel’s first law addresses traits and illnesses caused by single genes, which are also called ________ or monofactorial. CHOICES: Mutant phenotype, Punnett Square, compound heterozygote, test cross, OCA2, HERC2, Mendelian, Law of Segregation

Answer 32

Mendelian

Question 33

A single gene on chromosome 15, _________, confers eye color by controlling melanin synthesis. CHOICES: Mutant phenotype, Punnett Square, compound heterozygote, test cross, OCA2, HERC2, Mendelian, Law of Segregation

Answer 33

OCA2

Question 34

A person must inherit two copies of the recessive allele in _______ to have blue eyes. CHOICES: Mutant phenotype, Punnett Square, compound heterozygote, test cross, OCA2, HERC2, Mendelian, Law of Segregation

Answer 34

HERC2

Question 35

The passing of a trait depends on whether the determining gene is on an autosome or on a sex chromosome and allele is recessive or dominant. True or False

Answer 35

True

Question 36

_________ are rules that explain the common patterns of single-gene transmission and are derived from Mendel’s laws. CHOICES: Autosomal inheritance, Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive, Recessive traits, Dominant traits, Modes of inheritance

Answer 36

Modes of inheritance

Question 37

_________ can be dominant or recessive. CHOICES: Autosomal inheritance, Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive, Recessive traits, Dominant traits, Modes of inheritance

Answer 37

Autosomal inheritance

Question 38

Can skip generations CHOICES: Autosomal inheritance, Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive, Recessive traits, Dominant traits, Modes of inheritance

Answer 38

Autosomal Recessive

Question 39

Successive generations are affected until no one inherits the mutation. CHOICES: Autosomal inheritance, Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive, Recessive traits, Dominant traits, Modes of inheritance

Answer 39

Autosomal Dominant

Question 40

Affected individual has parents who are affected or are carriers (heterozygotes) CHOICES: Autosomal inheritance, Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive, Recessive traits, Dominant traits, Modes of inheritance

Answer 40

Autosomal Recessive

Question 41

Affected individual has an affected parent, unless he or she has a de novo mutation CHOICES: Autosomal inheritance, Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive, Recessive traits, Dominant traits, Modes of inheritance

Answer 41

Autosomal Dominant

Question 42

Conditions likely to occur in families with consanguinity CHOICES: Autosomal inheritance, Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive, Recessive traits, Dominant traits, Modes of inheritance

Answer 42

Autosomal Recessive

Question 43

due to “loss of function.” CHOICES: Autosomal inheritance, Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive, Recessive traits, Dominant traits, Modes of inheritance

Answer 43

Recessive traits

Question 44

arise from “gain of function.” CHOICES: Autosomal inheritance, Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive, Recessive traits, Dominant traits, Modes of inheritance

Answer 44

Dominant traits

Question 45

Recessive disorders tend to be severe and produce symptoms earlier than dominant disorders. True or False

Answer 45

True

Question 46

The inheritance of one does influence the chance of inheriting the other. True or False

Answer 46

False - does not influence

Question 47

Considers two genes on different chromosomes. CHOICES: independently assort, Product rule, Albinism, Polydactyly, Autosomal Recessive Trait, Autosomal Dominant Trait, Inconclusive Pedigree, Pedigrees, Punnett squares, Probability, Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 47

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 48

Two genes that are far apart on the same chromosome appear to _______ CHOICES: independently assort, Product rule, Albinism, Polydactyly, Autosomal Recessive Trait, Autosomal Dominant Trait, Inconclusive Pedigree, Pedigrees, Punnett squares, Probability, Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 48

independently assort

Question 49

The likelihood that an event will occur. CHOICES: independently assort, Product rule, Albinism, Polydactyly, Autosomal Recessive Trait, Autosomal Dominant Trait, Inconclusive Pedigree, Pedigrees, Punnett squares, Probability, Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 49

Probability

Question 50

probability of simultaneous independent events equals the product of their individual probabilities. CHOICES: independently assort, Product rule, Albinism, Polydactyly, Autosomal Recessive Trait, Autosomal Dominant Trait, Inconclusive Pedigree, Pedigrees, Punnett squares, Probability, Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 50

Product rule

Question 51

Predicts the chance of parents with known genotypes to produce offspring of a particular genotype. CHOICES: independently assort, Product rule, Albinism, Polydactyly, Autosomal Recessive Trait, Autosomal Dominant Trait, Inconclusive Pedigree, Pedigrees, Punnett squares, Probability, Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 51

Product rule

Question 52

symbolic representations of family relationships and the transmission of inherited traits CHOICES: independently assort, Product rule, Albinism, Polydactyly, Autosomal Recessive Trait, Autosomal Dominant Trait, Inconclusive Pedigree, Pedigrees, Punnett squares, Probability, Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 52

Pedigrees

Question 53

Pedigrees help families to identify the risk of transmitting an inherited illness. True or False

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Deficiency in melanin production CHOICES: independently assort, Product rule, Albinism, Polydactyly, Autosomal Recessive Trait, Autosomal Dominant Trait, Inconclusive Pedigree, Pedigrees, Punnett squares, Probability, Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 54

Albinism

Question 55

extra fingers and/or toes CHOICES: independently assort, Product rule, Albinism, Polydactyly, Autosomal Recessive Trait, Autosomal Dominant Trait, Inconclusive Pedigree, Pedigrees, Punnett squares, Probability, Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 55

Polydactyly

Question 56

Albinism is an CHOICES: independently assort, Product rule, Albinism, Polydactyly, Autosomal Recessive Trait, Autosomal Dominant Trait, Inconclusive Pedigree, Pedigrees, Punnett squares, Probability, Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 56

Autosomal Recessive Trait

Question 57

Polydactyly is an CHOICES: independently assort, Product rule, Albinism, Polydactyly, Autosomal Recessive Trait, Autosomal Dominant Trait, Inconclusive Pedigree, Pedigrees, Punnett squares, Probability, Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 57

Autosomal Dominant Trait

Question 58

can account for either an autosomal dominant or an autosomal recessive trait. CHOICES: independently assort, Product rule, Albinism, Polydactyly, Autosomal Recessive Trait, Autosomal Dominant Trait, Inconclusive Pedigree, Pedigrees, Punnett squares, Probability, Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 58

Inconclusive Pedigree

Question 59

Passed in an autosomal dominant mode. CHOICES: independently assort, Product rule, Albinism, Polydactyly, Autosomal Recessive Trait, Autosomal Dominant Trait, Inconclusive Pedigree, Pedigrees, Punnett squares, Probability, Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 59

Inconclusive Pedigree

Question 60

apply Mendel’s laws to predict the recurrence risks of inherited conditions. CHOICES: independently assort, Product rule, Albinism, Polydactyly, Autosomal Recessive Trait, Autosomal Dominant Trait, Inconclusive Pedigree, Pedigrees, Punnett squares, Probability, Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 60

Pedigrees and Punnett squares