Instruments and measures Flashcards

1
Q

What is an instrument?

A
  • used to measure individual characteristics (IVs) and responses to the stimuli (DVs)
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2
Q

What is the difference between instruments and stimuli?

A
  • stimuli: vehicle to deliver manipulation/treatment (IVs)
  • instrument: measure other variables (DVs, CVs, IVs)
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3
Q

What are the 3 types of instruments?

A
  1. questionnaire
  2. technological equipment
  3. observation
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4
Q

What is a questionnaire?

A
  • measures subjects’ self-reported characteristics and responses to manipulation
  • variety of ways to administer: on paper, online, etc.
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5
Q

What must questionnaires in an experiment capture?

A
  • abstract concepts of dependent variables (DVs)
  • covariates (CVs)
  • intervening variables (mediators, moderators)
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6
Q

What is an item in a questionnaire?

A

Specific question

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7
Q

What is a single item questionnaire?

A

only one question used for very concrete concepts like race, age, gender, etc.

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8
Q

What is an index questionnaire?

A

more complicated concepts measured with more than one question
eg. measures of attitudes, beliefs, emotions, judgements, norms, culture, etc.

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9
Q

What are some measurement issues?

A
  • ceiling and floor effects
  • construct validity
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10
Q

What are ceiling and floor effects?

A
  • when answer options are not high (ceiling) or low (floor) enough, there is a bunching at the extremes
  • can occur with Likert scales and categories
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11
Q

What is a Likert scale?

A
  • fixed-choice response format measuring agreement, frequency, importance and likelihood
  • odd number of choices allow for neutral point
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12
Q

What are some pros of questionnaire?

A
  • self-reports give subjects “voice”
  • self-reports are fast easy and cheap
  • versatile, able to ask variety of questions and measure many attributes
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13
Q

What are some disadvantages of questionnaires?

A
  • social desirability bias
  • reluctance to answer morally, ethically revealing topics
  • some people struggle to know their own feelings
  • misinterpretation of questions
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