Integumentary System

Question 1

The epidermis is a (structure)

Answer 1

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 2

The epidermis is - which means it absorbs nutrients from the basal layer

Answer 2

Avascular

Question 3

Cells with the highest metabolic demands in the dermis are found near the

Answer 3

Basal lamina

Question 4

Most abundant epithelial cells

Answer 4

Keratinocytes

Question 5

Number of strata on thin skin

Answer 5

4 strata

Question 6

First Strata layer

Answer 6

Stratum basale

• deepest, basal layer
• attached to basement membrane
• contains basal cells (stem cells), melanocytes and tactile cells

Question 7

Strata second layer

Answer 7

Stratum spinosum

-keratinocytes bound together by desmesomes

Question 8

Strata third layer

Answer 8

Stratum granulosum

• keratinocytes produce keratohyline and keratin
• keratin fibers form as cells become thinner and flatter
• gradually the plasma membrane thickens, organelles disintegrate and cells die

Question 9

Fourth layer of strata

Answer 9

Stratum lucidum

-appears as glassy layer in thick skin only

Question 10

Top layer strata

Answer 10

Stratum Corneum

• many layer of flat dead keratinocytes
• water resistant
• allows slow water loss thru insensible perspiration

Question 11

Cutaneous membrane parts

Answer 11

Epidermis - superficial epithelium

dermis - underlying connective tissue

Question 12

Accessory structures

Answer 12

hair, nails, multicellular exocrine glands

Question 13

hypodermis is the _______ layer that separates:

Answer 13

sub-cutaneous layer that separates integument from deeper layer tissues

Question 14

Major functions of the integumentary system

Answer 14

PROTECTION of underlying tissues
EXCRETION of organic waste, salts and water via ducts/glands
MAINTENANCE of normal body temp via insulation or evaporation
PRODUCTION of melanin which protects against UV
PRODUCTION of keratin which repels water/ protects from abrasion
SYNTHESIS of vitamin D3 used for calcium metabolism
STORAGE of Lipids in adipose cells and tissue
DETECTION of touch, pain, pressure and temperature

Question 15

langerhans Cells (AKA…)

Answer 15

Dendritic Cells

Function in immune response against bacteria or superficial skin cancers

Question 16

Basic component of hair and nails

Answer 16

Keratin

Question 17

cell death results from

Answer 17

accumulation of keratin causes cells to flatten; lose permeability; distance from dermal blood supply

Question 18

Name of (5th) strata in thick skin / defining characteristic

Answer 18

stratum lucidum (clear skin)

no organelles in cells - just packed with Keratin

Question 19

stratum corneum is..

Answer 19

resistant to water

Question 20

Loss of 500mL of water per day through…. which…

Answer 20

insensible perspiration; can’t be felt

Question 21

Blister

Answer 21

accumulation of water (insensible perspiration) that accumulates between deep layer and superficial layer of epidermis

Question 22

Pigments in epidermis

Answer 22

Carotene and melanin

Question 23

Carotene is…

Answer 23

orange in color; converted to vitamin A and important for maintenance of epithelia

Question 24

Melanin is

Answer 24

brown pigment made by melanocytes

Question 25

Melanocytes are located in

Answer 25

the s. germinativum; make melanin and pack it granules called melanosomes

Question 26

Protection from UV occurs because

Answer 26

melanocytes secrete melanosomes that accumulate in keratinocytes near the nucleus to protect it from UV radiation

Question 27

Red blood cells are filled with the protein.... that transports.... it is ...... when it is attached to oxygen. It is ____ when it is not.

Answer 27

hemoglobin / oxygen red / blue

Question 28

Process of vitamin D3 creation thru UV

Answer 28

UV radiation touches the epidermis; Epidermal cells convert a steroid into Vitamin D3 in the stratum germinativum and stratum spinosum; Intermediate is applied in the liver; turned into calcitrol in the kidney; stimulated calcium and phosphate ion absorption in the small intestine; causes bone growth

Question 29

Dermis supports

Answer 29

epidermis

Question 30

Dermal layers and tissue types

Answer 30

1. papillary layer - aerolar tissue = capillaries/sensory neurons 2. Reticular layer - dense irregular tissue

Question 31

Accessory structures extend into the

Answer 31

dermis

Question 32

____ project between epidermal ridges

Answer 32

dermal papillae

Question 33

dermatitis

Answer 33

inflammation of papillary layer of dermis

Question 34

Plexus

Answer 34

interwoven network

Question 35

_____ are arteries and veins supplying the skin; found at the border of______.

Answer 35

Cutaneous plexus / reticular layer of dermis and subcutaneous layer

Question 36

Subpapillary plexus

Answer 36

superficial to the cutaneous plexus; supplies blood to the dermal and epidermal layer

Question 37

contusion

Answer 37

rupture of dermal blood vessels

Question 38

integument is a ____ kind of structure

Answer 38

sensory

Question 39

dermis is filled with ______ that ______.

Answer 39

sensory nerve fibers control blood flow, adjust gland secretions and respond to touch

Question 40

tactile (meissner's) corpuscles

Answer 40

in dermal papillae; respond to light touch

Question 41

_____ respond to deep touch pressure and vibration. Located in____.

Answer 41

Lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles reticular

Question 42

Hypodermis ; purpose

Answer 42

not considered part of integumentary; helps stabilize the skin in relation to underlying tissues; made of Areolar and adipose tissue (elastic) can use "hypodermic needle (or sub-q needle) since no organs are present

Question 43

another name for accessory structures

Answer 43

epidermal derivatives

Question 44

hairs are produced in

Answer 44

hair follicles

Question 45

function of hair

Answer 45

insulation, protection,

Question 46

contraction of ____ causes the hair to ______

Answer 46

arrector pili muscle causes the hair to stand up

Question 47

Conditioner for the hair

Answer 47

Sebaceous glands secrete lipid into hair follicle to condition the hair

Question 48

Remnant of the past

Answer 48

vestigial structure

Question 49

Sebaceous glands

Answer 49

oil glands; act via holocrine secretion; produce sebum

Question 50

sebum

Answer 50

oil that lubricates hair shafts; inhibits bacterial growth; conditions skin (sebaceous gland)

Question 51

sebaceous follicle

Answer 51

large gland not associated with hair follicle; secret sebum directly onto epidermis

Question 52

Types of sweat glands

Answer 52

Apocrine (really merocrine) Merocrine

Question 53

Name for sweat gland

Answer 53

sudoriferous

Question 54

apocrine sweat glands secrete. Controlled by...

Answer 54

through hair follicles; happens during puberty; is a draw for bacteria which makes it odorous... Autonomic nervous system

Question 55

Merocrine sweat glands (function)

Answer 55

secrete directly onto the skin; widely spread Functions: Thermal regulation excreting water and electrolytes provide protection from micro-organisms and chemicals

Question 56

merocrine gland is essential for

Answer 56

temperature homeostasis through evaporative cooling