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The Brain Flashcards

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1
Q

gyri

A

series of elevated ridges increase surface area

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2
Q

Sulci

A

shallow depressions that separate gyri

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3
Q

fissures

A

deeper depressions

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4
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

deep depression that separates right and left hemispheres

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5
Q

cerebrum

A

makes up 2/3 of the entire brain; consists of right and left hemispheres that are folded

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6
Q

Cerebrum function

A

conscious thought; intellect; memory storage;

our cerebrums make us human!

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7
Q

cerebral cortex

A

gray matter on superficial cerebrum (cell bodies and dendrites)

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8
Q

Sulci

A

divide cerebrum into lobes

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9
Q

central sulcus divides

A

frontal and parietal lobes

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10
Q

lateral sulcus divides

A

frontal and temporal lobes

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11
Q

parieto-occipital sulcus

A

seperates parietal from occipital lobes

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12
Q

insula

A

hidden lobe that is medial to the lateral sulcus

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13
Q

function of frontal lobe

A

Primary motor cortex: voluntary control of skeletal muscles

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14
Q

Parietal lobe

A

primary sensory cortex:

conscious perception of touch, pressure, pain, temperature, vibration, taste

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15
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Primary Visual cortex: conscious perception of visual stimulus

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16
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

auditory and olfactory cortex: conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimulus

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17
Q

All lobes

A

integration and processing of sensory data; initiation of motor activities

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18
Q

insula

A

gustatory cortex - conscious perception of taste stimuli

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19
Q

Sensation becomes perception when

A

it is received by the primary sensory cortex (somatosensory cortex) or special senses cortices

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20
Q

All voluntary motor commands are initiated by the

A

primary motor cortex

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21
Q

____ interpret incoming data

A

association areas

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22
Q

____receive input from many association areas and direct very complex activities

A

Integrative center

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23
Q

deep cerebrum is made of mostly

A

white matter (axons)

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24
Q

axons are roughly categorized as:

A
  • association fibers: connect areas of same hemisphere
  • projection fibers: link cerebrum to lower CNS region
  • Commissural fibers: cross to other hemispheres
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25
corpus callosum
largest bundle of commissural fibers | that links left and right hemispheres
26
nuclei
collection of cell bodies with common function (gray matter )
27
basal nuclei
deep in cerebrum; important for subconscious | control of skeletal musle; help coordinate learned motor patterns
28
basal nuclei do not
do not initiate movement, but once movement is underway, | basal nuclei provide general pattern and rhythm
29
basal nuclei include
caudate nucleus & lentiform nucleus
30
brain has a unique pattern of
sulci & gyri (like fingerprints).
31
The correspondence between a specific ---- and a specific ---- is imprecise; often many regions participate in one function.
function / region is imprecise
32
Regions of the two hemispheres can
look the same but have different functions
33
normal individuals use
all portions of the brain
34
Each cerebral hemisphere receives ---- from, | and sends ------ to, the ------ .
sensory information / motor commands / opposite side of the body
35
cerebellum means
little brain - second largest region
36
cerebellum function
complex motor coordination; adjusts somatic motor | output in response to arriving proprioceptive information
37
Diencephalon
lies between cerebrum and brain stem; contains 2 regions: Thalamus and hypothalamus
38
function of thalamus
function: relay center for sensory info; almost all sensory information passes through thalamus before going to cerebrum or cerebellum
39
function of hypothalamus
controls emotions and hormone production; | connects to and controls pituitary gland the “master gland”; releases ~9 different hormones
40
Brain stem
brain stem consists of midbrain, pons & medulla oblongata; evolutionarily “old”; mostly autonomic function 3 regions: midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
41
Function of midbrain
Midbrain (aka mesencephalon) – * function: subconscious control of visual and auditory reflexes (for example, reflexive movement of eyes away from bright light)
42
Location/Function of Pons
pons - connects brain stem to cerebellum; * function: relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus; subconscious motor control (for example, subconscious modification of breathing rhythm)
43
location and function of medulla oblongata
medulla oblongata – connects brain to spinal cord; * function: major center for “primitive” autonomic function; regulates heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, respiration, etc.
44
measures brain waves
electroencephalogram | (EEG) measures
45
ventricles are
ventricles – chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); CSF is continuously circulating through ventricles
46
one lateral ventricle
in each hemisphere
47
3rd ventricle in ------; connects to lateral ventricles by -----.
diencephalon / interventricular foramen
48
4th ventricle in ----; connects to 3rd ventricle by | -----; also connects to -------.
brainstem / cerebral aqueduct / central canal
49
choroid plexus –
ependymal cells & capillaries; produce CSF; present in ventricles
50
Cranial Nerves
12 cranial nerves Oh, Once One Takes The Anatomy Final, Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly ``` Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal, Abuducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal ```
51
olfactory nerve
sensory; smell
52
optic nerve
sensory; vision
53
oculomotor nerve
motor; eye movement
54
trochlear nerve
motor; eye movements
55
trigeminal nerve
mixed; sensory and motor for face
56
abducens nerve
motor; eye movements
57
facial nerve
mixed; sensory and motor for face
58
vestibulocochlear nerve
sensory; balance & equilibrium, hearing
59
glossopharyngeal nerve
mixed; sensory & motor to head & neck
60
vagus nerve
mixed; sensory & motor to thorax & abdomen (meaning “wandering”; it innervates many organs)
61
accessory nerve
motor; muscles of neck & upper back
62
Hypoglossal nerve
motor; tongue movements

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