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Tissues Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Histology

A

The study of tissues

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2
Q

Types of tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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3
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

covers and forms body surfaces/body cavities and forms glands

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4
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Connects and supports body organs, binds organs together, stores energy as fat, helps provide disease immunity

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5
Q

Muscle tissue

A

movement - specialized for contraction

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6
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

carries information externally -> internally. Carries info from one part of the body to another in the form of electrical pulses

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7
Q

Characteristics of epithelial tissues

A

Cellularity - tightly packed cells connected by cell junctions

Polarity - Apical surface is exposed to the environment; basal surface is attached to adjacent tissues

Attachment-base of epithelial is attached to basement membrane formed by basal surface and underlying connective tissue

Avascular - no blood vessels; cell absorbs nutrients through absorption or diffusion

Regeneration - rates of regeneration much higher than other tissues

Specialization - microvilli (increase surface area), cilia (specialized for movement - ex. move fluids)

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8
Q

Epithelial tissues classified by…

A

cell shape: squamous, cuboidal or columnar

number of layers: simple or stratified

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9
Q

simple squamous epithelial location

A

(INSERT)

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10
Q

Stratified squamous epithelial location

A

lining of the skin, vagina, throat, esophagus, anus, rectum and mouth.

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11
Q

function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens and chemical attack

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12
Q

cuboidal epithelial tissue location

A

glands, ducts, portions of kidney tubules and thyroid gland.

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13
Q

Purpose of cuboidal epithelial tissues

A

limited protection, secretion, absorption

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14
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelial location and function

A

ducts (rare)

absorption, protection, secretion

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15
Q

Transitional Epithelium location and function

A

urinary bladder, renal pelvis, ureters

permits expansion and recoil after stretching

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16
Q

Columnar Epithelium location and function

A

lining of the intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, collection ducts of kidneys

absorption, secretion, protection

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17
Q

Pseudo Stratified ciliated columnar epithelial location and function

A

lining of the nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi; parts of the male reproductive tract

Secretion, protection, move mucus with cilia

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18
Q

Columnar epithelium location and function

A

small areas of the pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary gland ducts, and urethra

protection

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19
Q

General function of Epithelial tissue

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A
  1. provide physical protection from abrasion, dehydration and destruction.
  2. Control permeability: acts as barrier; can be selectively permeable and permeability can change depending on stimuli
  3. Provide sensation: contain large sensory nerve supply
  4. Produce specialized secretions via glands: (structures made of epithelial tissues that secrete fluids), secrete into ducts, onto a surface or into interstitial fluid
20
Q

Exocrine Gland

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A

gland that secretes onto body surface or passageway connected to the exterior

21
Q

exocrine glands use

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A

ducts for secretion (ex. saliva, sweat)

22
Q

Unicellular exocrine glands

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A

only one type: goblet cells (mucous)

23
Q

multicellular exocrine glands

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A

groups of gland cells

24
Q

Endocrine gland

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A

make secretions of hormones into interstitial fluid; do not use ducts

ex. Thyroid

25
Merocrine secretion
product released by secretory vesicles by exocytosis; most common
26
Apocrine secretion
involves loss of cytoplasm and secretory product
27
Holocrine secretion
cell gets packed with secretory product, then bursts (dies) and is renewed by cell division
28
Connective tissue consists of
specialized cells matrix: gelatinous, fibrous, fluid, semifluid, calcified - Fibers - ground substances present in spaces between cells and fibers
29
connective tissue consists mostly of
matrix
30
Connective tissue cell types
1. Fibroblasts 2. Fibrocytes 3. Macrophages 4. Mesenchymal 5. Adipocytes 6. Melanocytes 7. Mast Cells 8. Lymphocytes
31
Def: Fibroblasts
spindle shaped cell; present in all CT's; secrete components of matrix (chemical components of ground substance and protein subunits that form fibers)
32
Def: Fibrocytes
maintain fibers
33
Macrophages
large and scattered throughout matrix; fixed or free; body defense phagocytic
34
phagocytic
engulf pathogens or damaged cells
35
Mesenchymal Cells
Stem cells for cell regeneration
36
Adipocytes
contains large lipid droplet, nucleus squeezed to one side
37
Melanocytes
synthesize and story brown pigment melanin; give tissue dark color; determine skin color
38
Mast Cells
filled with histamine granules - released after injury or infection; dilates blood vessels and stimulates localized inflammation
39
Lymphocytes
white blood cells - migrate through CT and are body defense. Some secrete antibodies, others are phagocytes and increase when tissues are damaged. BAD ASS!
40
Fibers are used to
used to support: Fibroblasts form and fibrocytes maintain
41
Collagen
CT Fiber: most common long, straight, unbranched; occurs in bundles (like a rope) Flexible but strong Example: Tendons (connect muscle to bone)
42
Reticular
CT Fiber: same subunits as collagen, but thin and branching interwoven and flexible but tough; hold organs, blood vessels and nerves in place despite changes/gravity
43
Elastic fibers
CT Fiber: contain protein elastin; can be stretched and return to original shape; form Elastic Ligaments
44
Classifications of Connective Tissue
Connective tissue proper: loose and dense tissues Supporting connective tissues Fluid connective tissues
45
loose connective tissue is...
"packing material" of body; fill spaces; cushion and stabilize Three types: Areolar Adipose Reticular
46
Areolar Tissue (Loose Connective in Tissue Proper)
Function: cushions organs; provides support but permits independent movement; protects against pathogens Location: within and deep to the dermis of the skin; between muscles; around joints, blood vessels and nerves
47
Adipose Tissue (loose tissue in "Tissue Proper")
Function: Provides padding/cushion, insulates, stores body heat location: deep within dermis, esp at sides and buttock/hips

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