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Anatomy & Physiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

what does the integumentary system consist of

A
  • skin
  • hair
  • nails
  • glands
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2
Q

accessory organs of the integumentary system

A
  • hair
  • nails
  • glands
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3
Q

problems that can be seen on the skin

A
  • anemia
  • respiratory issues
  • liver
  • cancer
  • shock
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4
Q

anemia

A

pale

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5
Q

respiratory issues

A

cyanotic (lack of oxygen, the skin has a blue tinge)

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6
Q

liver

A

yellow (jaundice)

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7
Q

cancer

A

grayish

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8
Q

shock

A

extremely pale

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9
Q

why do people have to take nail polish off when going into surgery

A

so doctors can see if there is a lack of oxygen due to machine failure, etc.

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10
Q

functions of the integumentary system

A
  • protection
  • temperature control
  • synthesis of vitamin D
  • sensory reception
  • excretion/secretion
  • storage of nutrients
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11
Q

protection function of integumentary system

A
  • mechanical (bumps and cuts)
  • chemical (from acids and bases)
  • pathogen
  • thermal (heat and cold)
  • UV rays
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12
Q

temperature control function of integumentary system

A
  • fatty insulation
  • sweat glands
  • muscles for goosebumps
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13
Q

synthesis of vitamin D function of integumentary system

A

made in skin, triggered by sunlight

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14
Q

storage of nutrients

A

fat (energy)

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15
Q

other names for skin

A
  • cutaneous membrane

- integument

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16
Q

2 layers of skin

A
  • apical (epidermis)

- deeper (dermis)

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17
Q

epidermis tissue

A

stratified squamos

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18
Q

dermis tissue

A

dense irregular CT

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19
Q

gland tissue

A

simple cuboidal

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20
Q

epidermis layers (innermost to outermost)

A
  • Stratum Basale
  • Stratum Spinosum
  • Stratum Granulosum
  • Stratum Lucidem
  • Stratem Corneum
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21
Q

Stratum Basale

Study These Flashcards
A
  • deepest layer
  • basement membrane attatches to dermis
  • contains stem cells for new production
22
Q

stem cell name in Stratum Basale

Study These Flashcards
A

keratinocytes

23
Q

Stratum Spinosum

Study These Flashcards
A

mitotic cells start to flatten

24
Q

Stratum Granulosum

Study These Flashcards
A
  • mitosis stops

- keratonioses production starts

25
Stratum Lucidem
only in thick skin in plantar and palmar regions
26
Stratum Corneum
- outermost layer - 15-30 layers of dead keratinized epithelial cells - no nerve connection or vascularity
27
melanocytes
- produce melanin (yellow/brown/black pigment - freckles and moles - protect from UV radiation - found in S. Basale
28
epidermal dendrytic cells
- in the S. Spinosum | - signal to immune when bacteria/virus invades
29
merkel cells
- in the S. Basale | - attatched to nerve (associated with touch)
30
keratin
- tough, fatty, water resistant | - hair, nails, hooves, feather
31
special surface
- keratin | - arid, nutrient poor environment inhospitable to most bacteria
32
dermis
- deeper layer of cutaneous membrane - CT layer - strong, stretchy skin that holds us together - highly vascular and high nerve supply
33
the hide
dermis
34
2 parts of dermis
- superficial paprillary layer | - deep reticular dermis
35
superficial paillary layer
- areolar loose CT | - creates dermal papillae
36
dermal papillae
- nipples | - peglike indents to the epidermis above
37
what do papillae contain
- capillaries (nourish epidermis) - nerve endings - pain, temp, touch receptors
38
papillae arranged in unique pattern...
...to increase friction and grip (fingerprints)
39
deep reticular dermis tissue
dense irregular CT
40
deep reticular tissue contains
- sweat glands - sebaceous (oil) glands - hair follicle structure - deep pressure sensory receptors
41
pain receptors (deep reticular dermis)
nociceptor
42
hypodermis (other names)
- subcutaneous layer | - supficial facia
43
hypodermis
- stabilizes integument relative to the muscle under - loose CT filled with adipocytes (good insulator for trapping heat) - presence of blood, lymph, and nerve
44
hypodermic needle
injectable substance diffuses in CT and takes time to diffuse into bloodstream
45
skin color
combo of pigments in cutaneous membrane and blood supply
46
3 pigments
- melanin - carotene - hemoglobin
47
hemoglobin color
- high oxygen - bright red | - low oxygen - dark red/purple
48
melanocytes
- most basal surface of epidermis - synthesizes melanin and transfers it to a new epithelia of the S. Germinativum packaged in small vesicles - melanin colors entire epidermis - melanin activity not numbers determine skin color - melanocyte activity increases with expose to UV radiation
49
dermal circulation
carotene and hemoglobin contribute to skin color due to its translucent nature
50
carotene
yellow-green glow (similar to Jaundice)
51
lack of blood supply
- constricted vessels | - pale.whiter appearance
52
lack of oxygen in blood supply
cyanotic appearance in areas of thin skin

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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