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Anatomy & Physiology > Stomach and Small Intestine > Flashcards

Stomach and Small Intestine Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

what is the stomach

A

a j-shaped organ between the esophagus and small intestine

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2
Q

4 functions of the stomach

A
  • temporary storage of ingested food
  • mechanical breakdown of food
  • chemical digestion of food by acid and enzymes
  • production of intrinsic factor for the absorption of B12
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3
Q

4 regions of the stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

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4
Q

cardia

A

small area near the esophgeal sphincter

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5
Q

fundus

A

balloons above the cardia serving as temporary storage

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6
Q

body

A

main portion of the stomach

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7
Q

pylorus

A

inferior end of the J connects the stomach to the small intestine; regulates the flow of chyme through the pyloric sphincter

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8
Q

what is special about the stomach wall

A

there is an extra layer of smooth muscle in the muscularis

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9
Q

function of stomach wall specialization

A

provides additional strength and churning ability

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10
Q

rugae

A

numerous folds that flatten as the stomach fills

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11
Q

rugae function

A

allows for greater mechanical friction and more volume (1.5 L)

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12
Q

max stomach content

A

4 L

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13
Q

stomach wall tissue

A

simple columnar epithelia and mucous lining

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14
Q

gastric pits

A

depressions allowing for secretion of alkaline mucous

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15
Q

gastric pits in the fundus

A

juices are secreted from deeper gastric glands

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16
Q

4 types of secretory epithelia

A
  • goblet cells
  • parietal cells
  • chief cells
  • g cells
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17
Q

goblet cells

A

secrete alkaline mucous that protects and lubricates

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18
Q

parietal cells

A

secrete HCL and intrinsic factor

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19
Q

predominant glandular cell in the body of the stomach

A

parietal cells

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20
Q

chief cells

A

secrete pepsinogen

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21
Q

how is pepsin created

A

combination of pepsinogen and HCL

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22
Q

chief cells location

23
Q

g cells

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A

secrete gastrin which triggers HCL secretions

24
Q

g cells location

25
how much absorption happens in the stomach
little to none
26
purpose of alkaline mucous
offsets the acidity of chyme
27
how often does the migrating motor complex occur
every 1.5 - 2 hours
28
stomach ulcers
open sores in the mucosal and submucosal lining of the stomach
29
what can cause stomach ulcers
- H. pylori (bacteria) - stress aggravated - smoking and drugs
30
how are stomach ulcers treated
antibiotics and antacids
31
small intestine
the longest section of the alimentary canal responsible for the most absorption
32
cholecystokinin
a hormone released into the small intestine to slow gastric motility of chyme
33
how long does chyme stay in the small intestine
3-10 hours
34
3 sections of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
35
duodenum
- receives chyme from the stomach | - receives secretions from the liver and pancreas via pancreatic and common bile ducts
36
jejunum
40% of the small intestine
37
ileum
- connects to the large intestine via the cecum | - 60% of the small intestine
38
how is the small intestine suited for absorption
- transverse mucosal folds | - villi
39
how is the small intestine suited for absorption
- transverse mucosal folds - villi - microvilli
40
villi
- projections from the mucosa into the lumen covered with epithelia - each contains its own blood and lymphatic capillaries and nerve fiber
41
villi
- projections from the mucosa into the lumen covered with epithelia - each contains its own blood and lymphatic capillaries and nerve fiber
42
what is the epithelium of the villi
simple columnar cells
43
microvilli
further increase surface area for maximal absorption
44
secretions of enzymes for continued digestion
- peptidases - sucrase/maltase/lactase - intestinal lipase
45
peptidases
splits peptide chains into amino acids
46
sucrase/maltase/lactase
contines carbohydrate reduction to monosaccharides
47
intestinal lipase
splits lipids into fatty acid and glycerol
48
what controls secretions of the small intestine
parasympathetic nervous system and hormones
49
where are intestinal glands and secretions found
the valleys between villi
50
what do intestinal glands secrete
a watery pH neutral fluid to dissolve nutrients for absorption
51
pH of chyme
2 (acidic)
52
mesentery
double fold of mucosa
53
mesentery job
anchor blood vessels and nerves

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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