integumentary system - quiz #3

Question 1

2 major layers of skin

Answer 1

EPIDERMIS: superficial thinner layer made of epithelial tissue

DERMIS: deeper layer made of thicker CT
(also hypodermis)

Question 2

HYPODERMIS (subcutaneous layer)

Answer 2

-deep to dermis
-not part of skin
-made of areolar & adipose tissue
-attaches skin to underlying tissues & organs, stores fat as adipose tissue & insulates body
-contains pacinian corpuscles: pressure sensors

Question 3

EPIDERMIS - function

Answer 3

resists damage & provides protection to underlying tissue

Question 4

DERMIS - function

Answer 4

provides temperature stability & prevents dehydration

Question 5

what is the epidermis composed of & 4 distinct cells

Answer 5

composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium & 4 distinct cells:

keratinocytes
melanocytes
macrophages
tactile epithelial cells

Question 6

epidermis - layers

Answer 6

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

Question 7

keratinization

Answer 7

-new cells from stratum basal slowly pushed to surface of epidermis
-as cells move superficially, they mature & accumulate more keratin
-undergo apoptosis & die
-dead cells continue to move superficially until they reach surface & slough off-
-excessive amount of sloughing off dead keratinocytes from skin / scalp = DANDRUFF

Question 8

DERMIS

Answer 8

-deeper layer, below epidermis
-dense irregular CT, contains collagen & elastic fibers
-fibers create woven network with tensile strength, can also stretch & recoil
-blood vessels, nerves, glands & hair follicles
-thicker than epidermis – thickness varies (thicker on palm & soles of feet)
-leather = dried & treated dermis of animals
-few cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes

Question 9

fibroblasts (dermis)

Answer 9

makes extracellular matrix & collagen, critical role in wound healing

Question 10

macrophages (dermis)

Answer 10

phagocytes, clean up crew

Question 11

adipocytes (dermis)

Answer 11

stores fat

Question 12

2 layers of dermis

Answer 12

papillary region
reticular region

Question 13

HAIR ANATOMY

Answer 13

Hair shaft
Hair root
Hair follicle
Epithelial root sheath
Hair bulb
Papilla of hair
Hair matrix
Arrector pili
Hair root complex

Question 14

skin glands

Answer 14

GLANDS: cluster of epithelial cells that secrete substance
2 main types: EXOCRINE & ENDOCRINE glands
*skin ONLY contains EXOCRINE glands

Question 15

exocrine glands (skin)

Answer 15

-sebaceous (oil) glands

-sudoriferous (sweat) glands
2 types: eccrine & apocrine
-mammary glands specialized sudoriferous glands that secrete milk

-ceruminous (wax) glands

Question 16

NAILS

Answer 16

Nail body/ plate
Nail bed
Free edge
Nail root
Nail matrix
Eponychium/ cuticle
Lunula

Question 17

nail body/ plate

Answer 17

visible portion of nail

Question 18

nail bed

Answer 18

skin below nail body

Question 19

free edge

Answer 19

edge that extends out

Question 20

nail root

Answer 20

portion buried in fold of skin

Question 21

nail matrix

Answer 21

cells divide mitotically to produce new nail cells & nail growth of approx. 1mm per week

Question 22

eponychium/ cuticle

Answer 22

secures nail to finger

Question 23

lunula

Answer 23

white, crescent shaped part at proximal end of nail bed

Question 24

PAPULE (terminology)

Answer 24

-solid elevation of skin with no visible fluid
-1-10 mm in size, may be brown, purple, pink, red
-may cluster causing papular rash

Question 25

PUSTULE (terminology)

Answer 25

-small bumps/ blisters on skin that fill with fluid/ pus -usually appear as white bumps surrounded by red skin -look like pimples but larger

Question 26

NODULE (terminology)

Answer 26

-growth of abnormal tissue -similar to papule, but greater than 5-10 mm in width & depth -most frequently found in dermis, deeper tissues & internal organs

Question 27

CYST (terminology)

Answer 27

-enclosed sac like pocket of membranous tissue -contains fluid, air/ other substances -can occur anywhere in body & are mostly benign, vary in size -if filled with pus = sign of infection & may turn into abscess

Question 28

BULLAE (terminology)

Answer 28

-fluid filled sac/ lesion -type of blister -fluid trapped between layers of skin -larger than 10mm -seen in bullous impetigo

Question 29

ABSCESS (boil/ furuncle) - (terminology)

Answer 29

-collection of pus causing redness, pain, warmth & swelling -mostly caused by infection around hair follicle entering through skin barrier -most common sites are skin of armpits, base of spine & groin