quiz #1 - hints

Question 1

nociceptive pain

Answer 1

activated by nociceptive receptors

Question 2

ways to evaluate pain

Answer 2

-visual analog scale
-pain faces
-numerical rating scale (1-10)
-categorical (mild, moderate, severe)
-pain drawings
-Mcgill questionnaire

Question 3

addiction

Answer 3

dependance & withdrawal cycle

Question 4

bipolar disorder & best treatment

Answer 4

when people develop massive mood swings
best treatment for bipolar: lithium → mood stabilizer, makes people happy

Question 5

key features of depression

Answer 5

• sleep abnormalities
• loss of interest in normal activities
• decreased energy levels

Question 6

PTSD

Answer 6

anxiety disorder, where people have a persistent/ re experiencing a traumatic event

Question 7

key features of schizophrenia

Answer 7

• hallucinations
• delusions
• disordered thinking

Question 8

Etiology

Answer 8

the CAUSE of disease

Question 9

signs vs. symptoms

Answer 9

signs: when we describe things clinically that we find

symptom: whats recorded objectively by client

Question 10

anorexia nervosa

Answer 10

extreme weight loss, fatigue, eroded teeth, fainting

Question 11

definition of nosocomial disease

Answer 11

infection you get from hospital

Question 12

Idiopathic disease (disease terminology)

Answer 12

cause of disease is unknown

Question 13

Iatrogenic disease (disease terminology)

Answer 13

cause of disease is from medical intervention

Question 14

Prevalence (disease terminology)

Answer 14

“proportion of cases” or how many total cases of disease are present in population at risk at one time
EXISTING CASES

Question 15

Incidence (disease terminology)

Answer 15

“risk of contracting the disease” or rate of new cases of disease that are present in population
NEW CASES

Question 16

“neuromatrix” pain gate theory

Answer 16

pain travelling through “gates” at dorsal horn of spinal cord

Question 17

hormones released in response to stress

Answer 17

adrenaline, epinephrine, noradrenaline, norepinephrine, cortisol

Question 18

smooth ER

Answer 18

organelle responsible for detoxification of drugs

Question 19

hypoxia

Answer 19

reduced state of oxygen (in cell)

Question 20

atrophy

Answer 20

decrease in cell size

Question 21

metaplasia

Answer 21

when cell changes from one cell type to another

Question 22

apoptosis

Answer 22

when cells live out normal life span & die, natural progression of cell

Question 23

necrosis that causes brain to liquify

Answer 23

liquefactive necrosis

Question 24

way that anemias are classified

Answer 24

RBC colour, RBC size, causative factor

Question 25

most common anemia, effects 20% of all women

Answer 25

iron deficiency anemia

Question 26

anemia caused by lack of vitamin B12, larger than normal RBCs

Answer 26

pernicious anemia

Question 27

type of anemia that is genetically determined

Answer 27

sickle cell anemia

Question 28

anemia caused by massive blood clots, heavy bleeding

Answer 28

hemorrhagic anemia

Question 29

major symptoms of anemia

Answer 29

fatigue, headache, shortness of breath, chest pain

Question 30

how long do RBCs live for

Answer 30

120 days

Question 31

sickle cell anemia RBCs

Answer 31

live for 20 days

Question 32

clotting factor that is deficient in hemotephelia type A

Answer 32

factor VIII

Question 33

disease of blood forming tissues / cancer of bone marrow

Answer 33

Leukemia

Question 34

6 descriptions of disease

Answer 34

1. Pathogenesis 2. Epidemiology 3. Clinical findings 4. Diagnosis 5. Treatment 6. Prognosis

Question 35

pain definitions

Answer 35

Allodynia: on skin in response to something that does not normally cause pain – hypersensitivity reaction Hyperalgesia: increased pain response (more painful than it should be) – enhanced sensitivity to pain Paresthesia: unpleasant / painful feelings with no stimulus – usually in peripheral -> tingling, numbness, skin crawling, itching

Question 36

Specificity Theory of Pain

Answer 36

Pain receptors = NOCICEPTORS – transmit signals to “pain center” in brain then produces sensation of pain

Question 37

Pattern Theory of Pain

Answer 37

-No specific pain receptors just different patterns of existing peripheral sensory receptors -Respond to touch, warmth & other stimuli to receive pain -Pain produced when certain patterns of neural activity occur / reach high levels in brain

Question 38

Definition of stress

Answer 38

body’s reaction to external / internal changes that require a response – reactions are physical, mental, emotional, or chemical – bodies release hormones to compensate

Question 39

stress can be ... (3 things)

Answer 39

Social – change in job / relationship Psychological – anxiety / fear Physiologic – anesthesia / pain

Question 40

cell anatomy

Answer 40

Nucleus Cytoplasm: -Mitochondria -Ribosomes -Endoplasmic reticulum -Golgi apparatus -Lysosome Plasma membrane

Question 41

type A hemophilia

Answer 41

factor VIII is deficient

Question 42

type B hemophilia

Answer 42

factor IX is deficient

Question 43

type C hemophilia

Answer 43

factor XI is deficient

Question 44

process that necrosis is caused by

Answer 44

exogenous process (outside cell)

Question 45

intracellular accumulation

Answer 45

caused by overload of metabolites / inability to secrete excess

Question 46

causes of cell injury

Answer 46

-Hypoxia (less oxygen) & anoxia (no oxygen) -Ischemia & deprivation of essential nutrients -Toxic injury -Microbial pathogens -Mediators of inflammatory & immune reactions (inappropriate immune response) -Genetic & metabolic disturbances (genetic error or enzyme defects)