two types of intracranial hemorrhages
venous, arterial
blank leptomeningitis is often deadly
bacterial
more dangerous hemorrhage in brain
artery
dural folds function
separate hemispheres and compartments of brain
internal jugular begins at the end of blank sinus
sigmoid
diencephalon has the blank
thalami
thalamus acts as a blank center
sensory relay
too much fluid in csf spaces of brain and ventricles
hydrocephalus
hydrocephalus can be dangerous because it does this to brain
compresses
internal carotid arteries of circle of willis supplies blank part of brain
anterior
middle cerebral artery supplies blank and blank part of brain
external/lateral
3,7,9,10 is blank/blank
parasympathetic/efferent
cn 1
olfactory
olfactor nerve exits cranium through blank of blank
foramina, crib plate ethmoid
olfactory nerve has a blank and blank
bulb, tract
cn 2
optic nerve
olfactory functional area and end of pathway (part of brain interpreting smell)
Uncus of temporal lobe
optic nerve exits/enters cranium at blank
optic canal
optic nerve goes to the blank like most nerves
thalamus
thalamus is for blank information
sensory
left blank sees blank visual fields
cortex, right
longer the pathway, the easier it is for a blank
disturbance (pathology)
oculomotor nuclei are in the blank and thats where it leaves
midbrain
targets of oculomotor
recti/oblique muscles of eye (besides exceptions) (voluntary)
ciliary ganglion is where blank
parasympathetic pre/pos synaptic start/end
ciliary muscles (oculomotor) cause blank of pupil
constrict
zonular fibers are blank
suspensory ligaments
relationship between muscle and suspensory ligaments is blank
inverse
constricted pupils from ciliary muscles contraction allows blank of suspensory ligaments which creates blank lens
relaxing, thick
cranial nerve 4
trochlear
trochlear nerve exits cranium at blank
superior orbital fissure
trochlear nerve innervates blank
superior oblique muscle
cn five
trigeminal
branchial motor means blank
voluntary, developed from anterior part of embryo
upper motor neurons of trigeminal come from blank
primary motor cortex
in brain, cranial nerves motor fibers blank unlike rest of body
cross over (bilateral innervation)
V3 of trigeminal nerve goes through blank
foramen ovale of sphenoid
otic ganglion is associated with blank
v3
V3 innervates these
mylohyoid, anterior digastrics, masseter, lateral pterygoid, tensor tympani
v1 innervates near blank
above eyelid
v2 goes through blank
foramen rotundumb
v2 innervates
lateral knows, upper lip, upper teeth, lower eyelid
v3 innervates
mental nerve, inferior alveolar nerve (mandibular foramen), lingual nerve, tongue
cn 6
abducens nerve
abducens developed from black of embryo
back
abducens exits cranium at blank
superior orbital fissure
abducens innervates blank
lateral rectus of eye
abducens runs along blank of posterior cranial fossa
clivus
cn 7
facial nerve
facial nerve exits cranium at blank
internal acoustic meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foramen
facial nerve also innervates these muscles
posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid muscle
parasympathetic parts of facial nerve innervate blank
glands
chorda tympani and paroseal nerve carry blank fibers of facial nerve
parasympathetic
part that interprets taste
inferior postcentral gyrus
cn 8
vestibulocochlear (green) special sense (hearing)
vestibulocochlear nerve exits cranium at blank
internal acoustic meatus
7 and 8 leave blank together
brainstem
vestibulocochlear nerve runs superior and goes to blank then blank that interprets
thalamus, right below gustatory center
three targets of vestibulocochlear nerve
- eye muscles
- cerebellum
- postural back muscles
cn 9 and exits
glossopharyngeal nerve, jugular foramen
branchial motor part of glossopharyngeal nerve
stylopharyngeus muscle
lesser petrousal nerve goes to blank gland
parotid
lesser petrosal nerve carries parasympathetic fibers of blank
glossopharyngeal
glossopharyngeal innervates this part of tongue and actually does blank
posterior, taste
cn 10 and exits at blank
vagus, jugular foramen
major parasympathetic nerve of the body
vagus nerve
vagus nerve innervates these muscles
pharyngeal muscles,
vagus nerve parasympathetically innervates the blank of intestines, stomach, throat, chest
viscera
vagus nerve autonomically senses things like this
stretch of blood vessels, heart, gi tract
funcitonal area of vagus
postcentral gyrus
coughing is due to
vagus nerve stim
cn 11 and exits at blank
accessory nerve, jugular foramen
accessory nerve innervates these muscles
trapezius, levator scapulae
cn12 and exits cranium at blank
hypoglossal, somatic motor, hypoglossal canal
hypoglossal innervates these
genioglossus, hyoglossus, inferior part of tongue
olfactory receptor neurons are in the olfactory epithelium (olfactory mucosa) in
the roof of the
nasal cavity
optic nerve fibers arise from ganglion cells in the
retina
primary visual cortex where optic nerve goes
occipital lobe
oculomotor nerves enter the orbit through the blank
superior orbital fissures
oculomotor nerve originates in brainstem and runs in the lateral wall of the blank
cavernous sinus
trigeminal nerve originates from lateral surface of blank
pons
vestibulaocochlear nerve originates from grooves between blank and blank
pons, medulla