part of ethmoid that makes it a neurocranium bone
cribriform plate
bones of the neurocranium (6)
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal
pterygoid muscles are for blank
chewing
these exit through holes in the foramen
cranial nerves
viscerocranium is the blank of the cranium
inside
paired bones of viscerocranium
maxillae, inferior nasal conchae, zygomatic, palatine, nasal, lacrimal
single viscerocranium bones
mandible, ethmoid, vomer
palatine bones are joined by a blank
suture
scalp cuts blank a lot because of blank which creates a large blank
bleed, muscles and aponeurosis separating, gape
five layers SCALP
skin, ct, aponeurosis, loose areolar tissue, pericranium
facial muscles are for blank
expression
innervation of facial muscles
facial nerve
facial nerve is cranial nerve blank
7
paralysis of entire half of face is from blank motor neuron
lower
example of lower motor neuron problem that paralyzes half the face
bells palsy
lower half of the face paralysis is from blank motor neuron lesion
upper
upper motor neuron is in the blank
cerebrum
example of upper motor neuron problem causing lower face paralysis
stroke
largest salivary gland and at TMJ
parotid
motor branches of cranial nerve seven
posterior auricular, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical
there is no blank fascia on the face
deep
all facial muscles are in blank tissue
subcutaneous
cranial nerve ten
trigeminal nerve
three V branches of trigeminal nerve
V1 ophthalmic, V2 maxillary, V3 mandibular
V1 innervates blank part of head
top frontal
cutaneous nerves of face like trigeminal are blank nerves
somatosensory
arteries of face and scalp mainly
external carotid/branches, internal carotid/branches
external carotid supplies blank of face
most
internal carotid only supplies branches to blank
medial part running above eye
orbit is blank shaped
pyramidal
apex of pyramid is blank
optic canal
base of pyramid is blank
eye socket
cranial nerves in orbit
2,3,4,V1,6
lots of blank in orbit
fat
there are orbital blank and blanks as well
veins, arteries
percentage of deaths from head injuries in US
10
half of all traumatic deaths involve blank
brain
calvaria fracture that compresses brain from a bone fragment
depressed fracture
most frequent calvaria fracture that occurs at point of impact but radiate away in two or more directions
linear calvarial fracture
bone is broken into several pieces in this type of fracture calvaria
comminuted
no fracture occurs at point of impact but on opposite side of cranium calvarian fracture
contrecoup fracture
premature closure of the cranial sutures can result in blank
cranial malformations
males or females usually have sutural malformations
males
premature closure of sagittal suture which creates a long narrow cranium
scaphocephaly
premature closure of coronal or lambdoid suture, twisted and asymmetrical
plagiocephaly
premature closure of coronal suture results in a tower like cranium
oxycephaly
oxycephaly is more common in blank
females
most common nontraumatic cause of facial nerve paralysis
viral infection near stylomastoid foramen
headaches and blank pain can be from brain tumors or simply fatigue
facial pain
indirect truamatic injury that displaces orbital walls
blowout fracture
protrusion of the eyeball caused by orbital fracture and bleeding pressure on eyeball
exophthalmos
extraocular muscles
levator palpebrae superioris, superior oblique, inferior oblique, superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus
all extraocular muscles besides blank attach at common tendinous nerve wrapping around optic nerve
levator palpebrae superioris
756 902
eye movements in H pattern to test all muscles
tmj is a blank synovial joint
modified hinge
fracture that can be life threatening in cranium because it overlies frontal branches of middle meningeal vessels
fracture of pterion
three ligaments of tmj
lateral lig, stylomandibular lig, sphenomandibular lig
four masticatory muscles
temporal, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
yawning or large bite can cause blank
tmj dislocation
fancy term for double vision
diplopia
middle meningeal vessel hemorrhage may cause death in blank
few hours
tmj dislocation creates an inability to blank the mouth
close
tmj dislocation can cause rupture of blank
lateral ligament
masseter and medial pterygoid help with blank
protrusion
lateral pterygoid helps with this action
retrusion
masticatory muscles are innervated by blank
V3
buccinator is innervated by blank
facial nerve
both pterygoids come off blank
lateral pterygoid plate
four extrinsic muscles of the tongue
genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus
largest extrinsic muscle of tongue
genioglossus
hyoglossus inferior attachment
greater horns of hyoid
these two muscles pick up edges of tongue and creates groove
styloglossus, palatoglossus
innervation of tongue
12
palatoglossus is exception to innervation and innervated by blank
10
an injury to hypoglossal nerve will present with a blank of the tongue to the side of blank
lateral deviation, the lesion
paralysis of extra ocular muscles/palsies of orbital can be caused by these two injuries
head, brainstem
