Intro Flashcards
(9 cards)
What is Function?
-those activities identified
by an individual as essential to support physical,
social, and psychological well-being
- function defines mastery over the environment and changes with age
What are the Domains of Function?
Describe them.
Biophysical, Psychological & Sociocultural
Biophysical - sensorimotor skills needed to perform activities of daily living
Psychological - influenced
by intellectual activities. Motivation, concentration,
problem solving, and judgment are all factors that
contribute to psychological function, as well as affective
function, which allows a person to cope with everyday
stresses. The psychological domain also influences how
we perceive our ability to function
Sociocultural - relates to our ability to interact with
other people and to successfully complete social roles
and obligations
In general, what do we focus on in development (stages of life)?
Infancy: survival, then exploration & play
Childhood: postural control, locomotion, prehension, functional activities of eating and dressing (constant change in social roles and body systems maturing)
Maturity: skill refinement and body functioning optimally
What are the components that affect the quality of physical function?
Flexibility - capacity to bend (specifically at joints or person as whole) - females more flexible than males at all ages
Balance - equilibrium is important for skilled movements - older adults report more loss of balance
Coordination - implies that various muscles are working together to form a smooth movement - increases with age based on experiences
Power - the ability to perform an action in a quick manner - increases in childhood and decreases in older adults
Endurance - to perform a specific task over an elongated period of time - in boys increases linearly from 5-13 then spurts & girls linearly all throughout childhood
What is development?
What are the processes of chage?
Development - the changes that occur in our lives from life to death - they can be progressive, reorganizational or regressive
4 stages: growth, maturation, adaptation and learning
What are the Periods of Development?
- Prenatal (Conception to birth) - subdivided into germinal (1-2 weeks gestation), embryonic (2-8 weeks ges) and fetal (9-38 weeks ges)
- Infancy (birth to 2 y.o.)
- Childhood (2-10 females; 2-12 male)
- Adolescence (10-18 females and 12-20 males)
- Young Adulthood (18-40)
- Middle Adulthood (40-65)
- Older Adulthood (65-death) - subdivided in young-old (65-74), middle-old(75-84) and old-old (85-death)
What are the Theories of Development?
View on Stages?
Driving Forces of Development?
Building Blocks of Development?
(Table2-1)
- 4 Theories: Neural-Maturationist, Cognitive-Behavioral, Cognitive-Piagetian & Dynamical Systems
NM: stages result as an occurance of CNS maturation; development spirals between flexor vs. extensor dominance and symmetry vs. asymetry based on maturation of CNS, & reflexes (building block)
CB: stages are observable descriptions of behavior, development based of individual acting with environment, Pavlovian and Operant response to environment (building block)
CP: stages of alternating equilibrium and disequilibrium, development occurs through interaction between conginitive-neural structures and enviornmental opportunites for action, building blocks are first actions from reflexes and later from voluntary actions
DS: stages are arising from self organizing properties from multitude of systems that develop at own rate, development based on affordances of enviornment and selects most appropriate according to task, multiple coordinating systems and self-motivated exploration of enviornment (BB)
What are the 4 main stages of Cognitive Development?
Sensorimotor intelligence (birth to 24 mos.) Pre-Operational (Representational thought) (2 to 6yrs) Concrete Operations (6-10yrs) Formal Operations (11 and up)
What is Temperatment?
What is Attachment?
What are the types of play?
Temperament is a person’s characteristic way of responding. P. 31
In Baby’s: Easy (positive disposition), Difficult (negative moods, adapt slowly, irregular body functions), slow to warm up (relatively inactive, calm reactions to environment, slow to adapt and warm-up)
Attachment: p. 32–secure – happy when mom returns (60-65%), insecure (anxious avoidant (20%- cold shoulder), resistant(remains upset after Mom returns- 10-15%), disorganized- confused, not appearing to understand what happened- 5-10%) when separated from the mother
Types of play:
Solitary (not interested in playing with others), Onlooker (child watches but does not participate), Parallel (mimics others actions but doesnt participate in their play - transitional), Associative (interested in people, but not their action), Cooperative (interested in people and activity), Symbolic (pretend)
