Principles of Motor Learning Flashcards
(11 cards)
What is Motor Learning?
study of how movements are learned or how movements are produced differently as a result of practice or experience
What is the difference between a Predominant Motor Element and a Predominant Cognitive Element?
Why is it practical for PT?
Predominant Motor Element: success = quality of movement
Predominant Cognitive Element = success depends on strategy dictating the movemet
- Important to note if there is a neural impairment, physical weakness, etc.
Motor Skills are considered in relation to …..
1) Proficiency
2) Task
What is a task perspective?
The way a task is organized with the individual and the environment
(Venn Diagram)
Individual - capabilities,motivation, goal definition
Task - goal definition, target behaviors, assessment, transfer of learning
Environment - setting
What is a motor skill?
What is the proficiency perspective?
- a volitional movement that involves a muscular component that must be learned in order to complete a task
Proficiency Perspective: increased practice results in increased speed and more consistency =less variability or error
What is environmental predictability?
Consideration of whether environment is stable /predictable or unstable/ unpredictable … consists of open and closed skills
Closed: Environment is predictable and response can be planned - gymnastics, archery, bowling, golf.
Open: Environment is variable and unpredictable during action. Environmental contingencies determine the response - soccer, basketball, tennis, riding a mountain bike through the woods
Difference between Implicit and Explicit learning?
Both - Improvements that occur in a person’s capability for correct responding as a result of repeated performance attempts
Implicit - Person is not aware of what caused the improvements (children)
Explicit - are aware (depends on child’s conscious awareness)
What are the 3 steps of information processing?
(Think of catching a ball)
Stimulus selection - analyzing environmental information using a variety of senses
Response selection - how to respond based on stimulus
Response programming - selection of action and preparation; preparing muscles and posture and senses; movement
What is Reaction Time?
Indicator of speed and effectiveness of person’s decision making.
Choice RT= interval of time between stimulus presentation and beginning of task
Hick’sLaw = Choice RT is linearly related to amount of information that must be processed during decision stage
What is stimulus-response compatability?
What is the difference between spatial predicting and temporal predicting?
- The degree to which the relationship between stimulus and response is natural
-Spatial predicting what is going to happen before it happens
Temporal predicting when a signal to respond is going to happen or predicting the time course of an event
What are the aspects of information processing?
1) High and Low Arousal and Anxiety
2) Parallel Processing (Dual Task)
3) Controlled processing (Active thought)
4) Automatic Processing (no thought)
