Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 1

Hyaline - most rigid and abundant, fetal model of future long bones, epiphyseal growth plate, adn articular cartilage

Fibrocartilage - in acetabulum, menisci and IV disc

Elastic cartilage - most pliable (larynx, ear and epiglottis)

Question 2

Does cartilage have a blood supply?

What supplies nutrients to cartilage?

How does cartilage grow?

Answer 2

No, it is supplied by the perochondrium. Hyaluronic acid lubricates joint tissues.

1) Interstitial growth (early development) - within tissue, long bones and articular surfaces; increases tissue mass
2) Appositional growth - new cartilage formed at surface of perichondrium

Question 3

What are the types of bone cells?

What are the types of bone?

Periosteum vs Endosteum

Answer 3

Bone Cells: Osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts

Types: Compact and Cancellous (Trabecullar - ends of long bones that surrounds bone marrow)

Periosteum - where bone is created (outside); Wolf’s Law

Endosteum - stem cells (inside)

Question 4

What is Rickets disease?

Answer 4

Lack of vitamin D, calcium or phosphate which leads to bone weakness

Question 5

What are the 2 processes of Bone Formation?

Answer 5

Intramembranous Ossification - takes place during fetal development. Also how bone heals. (Skull and collarbone)

Endochondral Ossification - cartilage model replaced by bone (long bones especially)

Question 6

Developmental Changes in Lower Extremity Alignment

Answer 6

Slide 16 on slide show 7

Question 7

What is Dynamic Bone Growth?

Answer 7

• Spontaneous correction of skeletal abnormalities
• Responsive to corrective forces
• More susceptible to certain injuries like
  1. greenstick fracture (fracure in a young, soft bone)
  2. apophyseal avulsion (zygopophyseal)
  3. epiphyseal injury