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Nursing semester 1 > Intro E2 Ch 2 > Flashcards

Intro E2 Ch 2 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

When does Growth and development begin

A

Before conception (pregnancy)

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2
Q

When should a woman get prenatal care

A

After she discovers she’s pregnant usually between 2 to 6 weeks after conception

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3
Q

What trimester is the most vulnerable where things can go seriously wrong

A

The first trimester

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4
Q

What risks Are associated with unplanned pregnancies

A

Also include unwanted pregnancies risk of mother not taking care of her health or not emotionally ready to have a child, lacking support systems

Baby may fail to thrive increase risk for emotional and physical abuse of child

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5
Q

Why are teenage pregnancies very vulnerable to problems

A

Children having children and raising children

Teen body not in the best of health
• No optimal nutrition
• No optimal sleep
• Use of drugs or alcohol/smoking
• STDs

Not financially stable or mature

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6
Q

Social determinants associated with higher teen birth rates

A

Unemployed, low education, low income

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7
Q

What is the assessment a baby born in a hospital has done and how frequently

A

The APGAR

1 minute and 5 minutes post birth

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8
Q

What is the APGAR assessment

A

:A health status evaluation of the infant

max score of 10 (2 points per category)

Rates

  1. Heart rate
    • fast or regular
  2. Respiratory rate
  3. Color
    • pinker= better
  4. Muscle tone
    • tight forceful muscle v flacidity
  5. Reflex irritability
    • quickness of response to tactile stimuli
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9
Q

Along with the five categories of the APGAR What is also tested on infants

A

Ability to suckle (nipple or bottle)

Hearing

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10
Q

What is indicative of effective bonding between mother and baby

A

Sustained eye contact between mother and baby

Mother calling baby baby name

Molding a babies body to mother would being held

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11
Q

What can ineffective bonding between mother and baby cause in child

A

Failure to thrive

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12
Q

Child growth statistics

Weight and height

A

Weight in 6 months: doubled
Weight in 1 year: tripled
I.e: (8 delivery 25 first year)

Length in 1 year: 1 1/2 times birth

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13
Q

Normal birth weight and height

A

Weight: 6 to 9 pounds
Height: 18 to 22 inches long

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14
Q

What is infancy in relation to a persons growth and developmental periods

A

The time in life when a person goes through the most rapid growth and development along with adolescence

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15
Q

How many calories does a newborn need

A

110 to 120 calories/ kg

or 200 mL /kg per day

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16
Q

How much do newborns eat in relation to ounces and frequency

A

Newborns eat 3 to 4 ounces every 3 to 4 hours and typically breast-fed every 2 to 3 hours as queued by infant

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17
Q

What is the best type of nutrition an infant can receive

A

Breastmilk, as it is designed specifically to meet nutritional needs of the baby, cause a stronger immune system to Higher IQs for children and decreases risk of breast and ovarian cancer for mother

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18
Q

What is the second best option for infant nutrition

A

Instant formula, nurse should educate mothers on this nutritional topic and never judge decision

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19
Q

When are infants usually weaned from breast or bottle to drinking from a cup

A

Before their first birthday typically to promote healthy growth of teeth

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20
Q

When should a baby start eating solid foods and why

A

Babies can start eating solid food at six months of age with puréed food only of one kind at a time because their digestive system is too immature to process solid food

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21
Q

What should a baby start eating at nine months

A

Rice cereal then veggies and fruits then meat (puréed)

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22
Q

What happens if you start food before six months of age

A

Development of food allergies

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23
Q

How much sleep does an infant need and why

A

About 18 to 22 hours per day because of rapid growth and changes
• only wake every 3 to 4 hours to eat and be changed

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24
Q

At what age do infants start sleeping longer intervals and how much do they sleep at one year

Study These Flashcards
A

By 4 months (16 hours) they can sleep longer intervals

Buy 1 year typically sleep 12 hours per day and need naps

25
SIDS facts and prevention tips
Sudden infant death syndrome is at greatest risk during first three months of life up until full year Place babies to sleep STRICTLY ON BACK AND ONLY BACK * on firm surface * No co bedding * keep soft objects and loose bedding away to prevent strangulation entrapment and suffocation * keep baby in parents room
26
What does supervised tummy time promote and prevent
Promotes: adequate muscle growth and development Prevents: misshapen head (plagiocephaly)
27
Why do babies have gaps (soft spots) in skull
Allow for passage through birth canal and space to allow brain growth
28
Name the two soft spots and when they typically close
1. Anterior fontanelle (square shape): top of head closes at 18 months * Helpful in assessing hydration if sunken equals dehydrated if for indicates increased fluid in the brain 2. Posterior fontanelle (triangle shape): back of head closes at 2 to 4 months
29
Why should you never shake a baby
Babies brain vasculature is very delicate if shaken can have brain bleeds death or permanent brain damage
30
Infant reflexes
1. Rooting: finger on babies cheek and will turn to suck on it 2. Sucking 3. Grasping: non-purposeful opening to grasp adult finger 4. Dance: if held upright will move feet like dancing 5. Motoreflex (startle) : jerk arms and legs with loud noise 6. Babinski: Will fan out toes if touched from outer Sole to big toe
31
What senses are developed at birth and what senses are not
Well: hear, taste, smell, touch Not well: •vision - (improves from 6 months to 6 years) • temperature regulation - cannot sweat or shiver parent must clothe (warmth) and provide security •brain - until 12 • lungs, kidney, digestive tract
32
What must babies always be for safety and what are safety techniques used
MUST ALWAYS BE SUPERVISED * in car: in car seat facing backwards in the middle of the backseat * keep breakable objects and strings away * do not leave alone in the bathtub ever
33
Define anticipatory guidance
Education provided to parents about growth and development milestones babies are due to reach basically what’s normal what’s not and when to get help
34
Development milestones for anticipatory guidance (by age in months, gross and fine motor milestones)
->
35
2 months
Gross: Lifting head when prone Fine: fading grasp reflex
36
3-4 months
Gross: Turns head from side to side Fine: holds rattle placed in hand
37
4 to 6 months
Gross: roll from back to front; front to back Fine: plays with feet, holds bottle
38
7 to 8 months
Gross: Sits; crawls Fine: transfers objects from one hand to another
39
9 to 10 months
Gross: Pulls self to standing Fine: shows hand preference
40
11 to 12 months
Gross: Walks; can sit from standing position Fine: feeds self well with fingers; beginning to use large utensils, holds sippy cup
41
What happens if babies do not reach their milestones
Babies must be thoroughly evaluated by provider using the Denver II assessment
42
Define Denver II assessment and give categories that are evaluated
Assessment done in clinical settings to determine if children are reaching milestones on time in comparison to other children their age consists of Self help: Eating and dressing psycho social skills like sharing Sensory abilities: hearing, vision, language Fine motor skills: using thumb and finger grasp Gross motor skills: sitting, crawling, walking, standing
43
Self help
Eating and dressing psycho social skills like sharing
44
Sensory abilities
hearing, vision, language
45
Fine motor skills
using thumb and finger grasp
46
Gross motor skills
sitting, crawling, walking, standing
47
When Do babies go in for their well baby check ups
At age 2, four, six and 12 months to ensure appropriate growth and development
48
What is an infants psychosocial task
Trust v mistrust
49
Define trust and how it develops
Develops when caretaker response in a timely manner to basic needs like changing diaper, comfort, security, temperature comfort, stimulation cognitive, responds in caring consistent manner
50
What will babies who trust do to caregiver
* Reach out for caregiver * rest comfortably in arms * smile at caregiver
51
Define mistrust and how it develops
Develops when there is inconsistency and or non-caring attitudes (develops with consistent neglect and in some cases abuse)
52
How will baby that mistrust act to caregiver
* Will be indifferent to nearness | * Not be content in general (crying)
53
How do babies communicate needs
Babies cry when they want some thing as a form of communications but a few minutes of crying will not be traumatic
54
Can infants be spoiled
• Yes: if parents hold him all the time and they do not learn how to communicate needs — infants need A very small taste of delayed gratification to learn the skill
55
How do you avoid infants becoming spoiled
They should have consistency with getting needs met and should be handled with affection and love but in a very fine balance
56
What is the infants cognition status
Sensorimotor: is reflexive in using senses to process info purposefully( preludes thought) 1. primary circular reactions 2. secondary circular reaction 3. coordination of secondary schemata - OBJECT PERMANENCE (9-14 months old) :remember something/one exist even when not in sight and become upset when parents leave because they know they are somewhere 4. Tertiary circular reaction 5. Solutions via mental combinations
57
With a baby who has object permanence what do short trips help gain
Gain trust that parent will return
58
What is a infant morality
AMORAL: “ if it feels good do it” | - do not have cognitive ability to know what is right or wrong
59
Infants and cognition – language
* Begin to connect language and sounds * it is important to correct Annunciation so they learn correctly the first time * it is a great time to start speaking more than one language to them

Nursing semester 1 (19 decks)

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