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Microbiology > Intro To Bacteria > Flashcards

Intro To Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryote

A

No cytoplasmic organelle other than ribosomes, genetic info stored in circular chromosome, can have plasmids (plasmids)

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2
Q

Gram positive

A

Thick (20-80nm) cell wall external to cell membrane (purple is positive)

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3
Q

Gram negative

A

Thin cell wall, between inner/out membrane

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4
Q

Aerobic bacteria

A

Grows in the presence of oxygen

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5
Q

Facultative

A

Can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen

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6
Q

Anaerobic bacteria

A

Grows in the absence of oxygen

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7
Q

Fastidious bacteria

A

Special growth requirements

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8
Q

Non-fastidious bacteria

A

Simple growth requirements

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9
Q

Capnophilic bacteria

A

Requires CO2

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10
Q

Halophilic baccteria

A

Salt loving

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11
Q

Gram positive cell wall characteristics

A

Thick peptidoglycan wall with teichoic (TA) and lipoteichoic acids (LTA). Are important for viability, virulence, and serotyping. Promote attachment to mammalian cells, low endotoxin activity

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12
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitor MOA

A

Better in toxigenic diseases than cell wall inhibitors.

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13
Q

Encapsulated bacteria

A

Looks polysaccharide layer (or protein layer). Unnecessary for growth but important for virulence. Promotes adherence, anti-phagocytic, poor antigen

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14
Q

Endospores

A

Produced under unfavorable conditions. Non-replicating entity with thick coat. Contain DNA/essential substances. Toughest life form, can germinate back to vegetative cells

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15
Q

Flagella

A

Are H-antigens. Motility towards food and away from poisons. Assist in bacteria attachment to human cells (virulence factor)

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16
Q

Types of flagella

A 
Mono-
Lopho-
Amphi-
Peri-
(-trichous)
17
Q

Fimbriae

A

Fimbriae are F-antigens. Hair-like projections (thinner/shorter than flagella). Originate in plasma membrane and protrude thru cell wall. Can act as adhesins and are major virulence factors

18
Q

Outer membrane of gram negative bacteria

A

Permeable barrier for large molecules. Protects from adverse conditions. Asymmetric bilayer (normal inner, outer is primarily LPS)

19
Q

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

A

Gram negative bacteria. Integral part of outer membrane, released after cell death! When host senses LPS, turns on defense at its disposal

20
Q

Acid-fast/Partially acid-fast bacteria

A

PG layer is surrounded by wax-like lipid coat. Lipid coat contains mycolic acid, cord factor, wax D, sulfolipids. Lipid coat responsible for virulence and antiphagocytic.

21
Q

What determines acid fastness?

A

C-chain length of mycolic acids

22
Q

Lag phase

A

Bacteria has very little growth

23
Q

Exponential phase

A

Populations double every 20 minutes

24
Q

Stationary phase

A

Growth phase

25
Q

Death phase

A

Bacteria die faster than they multiply

26
Q

What part of the intestine has the most bacterial cells?

A

Small intestine

27
Q

Low number of bacteria sites

A

Bladder, uterus, parts of GI/Respiratory tracts

28
Q

Normally sterile sites (no bacteria)

A

Blood, lymph, CSF, synovial fluid, sub-epidermal tissue

29
Q

Step(s) of infection: epidemiology

A

Acquisition/colonization

30
Q

Step(s) of infections: virulence

A

Immune evasion/infection —> replication/proliferation—>Dissemination and disease

31
Q

Step(s) of infection: identification

A

Treatment

32
Q

Transmission of bacterial pathogens

A

Bacterial shedding, talking (f, p, t, s sounds spread more), stability of pathogens in environment, living conditions, age group and immune-status

33
Q

Factors that affect outcome of bacterial infections

A

Strain and inoculum. Length of presence, host factors.

34
Q

Virulence factors

A

Used for survival and disease

35
Q

Toxins from bacteria

A

When are in the blood, can harm the body

Microbiology (10 decks)

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