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Microbiology > Rods > Flashcards

Rods Flashcards

1
Q

Regular Rods

A

Listeria. Erysipelothrix

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2
Q

Irregular rods

A

Corynebacterium. Actinomycetes. Mycobacterium. Propionibacterium. Nocardia

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3
Q

Charac. Listera monocytogenes

A

Small, Gram (+) coccobacilli in pairs. Can grow in refridgerator. Foodborne mortality.

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4
Q

L. monocytogenes Virulence

A

Can penetrate placental barrier, withstands proteases/acid/bile, Mediated by PrfA. LLO

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5
Q

Listeriolysin

A

A cholesterol dependent cytolysin. Helps to rupture endosomes/releasing Listeria. If has more cytotoxic LLO, listeria is less virulent

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6
Q

Motility of L. monocytogenes

A

Flagella-mediated (only respiratory). Actin-mediated (helps to spread in host)

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7
Q

Adherence of L. monocytogenes

A

Bacterial alpha-D-galactose binds E-cadherin of intestinal cells

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8
Q

Internalin (Inl A/B/C)

A

Promotes bacterial endocytosis. Helps Listera cross BBB and feto-placental barriers

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9
Q

What helps listeria build a tail?

A

Listerial ActA helps with the actin nucleation

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10
Q

Immunity towards listeria

A

Cell mediated. NO ANTIBODIES

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11
Q

Listeria in healthy adults

A

Gastroenteritis (about 48 hrs after) for about 2-3 days

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12
Q

Listeria in pregnant women

A

100% risk of vertical transmission to fetus. Can cause premature delivery and still birth

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13
Q

Listeria and neonates

A

Early onset: High mortality, Granulomatosis infantiseptica. Late onset: meningoencephalitis

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14
Q

What is cultures to find Listeria?

A

Blood, CSF, placents, amniotic fluid

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15
Q

Positive tests for Listeria

A

Catalase and CAMP test

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16
Q

End to end tumbling motility

A

Caused by Listeria in liquid medium. Creates umbrella motility in agar medium

17
Q

Charac. Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae

A

Pleomorphic. Gram (+) rod. Slow growing

18
Q

Epidemiology of E. rhusiopathiae

A

Veterinary pathogen (swine and turkey). Occupational exposure

19
Q

What causes erysipeloid in humans?

A

E. Rhusiopathiae

20
Q

Erysipeloid

A

Localized cutaneous lesion. Painful/Pruritic but usually self limiting

21
Q

Identification of E. rhusiopathiae

A

Gram (+). Not fastidious but grows slow (need at least a week before considered negative). Neg catalase/motility

22
Q

How to distiguish E. rhusiopathiae from L. monocytogenes

A

Listeria is catalase (+) and motil

23
Q

Corynebacterium

A

Short, mycolic acids. Non-acid fast irregular rods. Colonizes skin and URT

24
Q

Most important virulence factor of c. diphtheriae

A

Diphtheria toxin (DTx)

25
Q

What makes DtxR important to C. diphtheriae?

A

It’s an iron sensor bc it is an iron dependent production bacteria

26
Q

Effect of Diphtheria toxin

A

inhibition of protein synthesis. Leads to pseudomembrane. Typically toxic in kidneys and heart. Is irreversible once in the cell. One toxin cal inactivate all ribosomes in the cell

27
Q

Nasopharyngeal diphtheria

A

Sore throat/fever. Neck edema in adv stages. Mucosal ulcer may be present. Larger pseudomembrane=poorer prognosis. PM cannot be removed. Resp difficulty. Myocarditis

28
Q

Cutaneous Diptheria

A

Punched-out ulcerative lesion with necrotic sloughing or PM

29
Q

Septicemic diphtheria

A

Toxin reaches distant organs via circulation. Cause cause fatal heart failure and polyneuritis.

30
Q

ID of C. diphtheriae

A

White on blood agar. Black on blood tellurite agar.

31
Q

Corynebacterium minutissimum

A

Gram (+). Normal in skin flora. Infects inter-triginous regions. Invades upper 1/3 of stratum corneum. Causes Erthrasma

32
Q

Erythrasma

A

Worldwide disease. More in tropical areas. Usually presents with dark skin discoloration

33
Q

Propionibacterium Acnes

A

Gram (+) anaerobic rod. Produces propionic acid. Non-toxigenic.

34
Q

Epidemiology of P. Acnes

A

Common in pilosebaceous glands. Skin changes in puberty increases bacterial growth.

35
Q

Main cause of acne vulgaris

A

Propoinibacterium acnes

Microbiology (10 decks)

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