Prions And DNA Viruses

Question 1

Transmitted prions

Answer 1

Kuru and vCJD

Question 2

Inherited prions

Answer 2

CJD

Question 3

Animal prions diseases

Answer 3

Scrapie and Mad Cow (BSE)

Question 4

Characteristics of animal prion diseases

Answer 4

Dementia, amyloidosis, spongiform encephalopathy

Question 5

What would be the main method of vCJD transmission in humans?

Answer 5

Transplants (pituitary growth hormone, cornea, dura mater)

Question 6

Mean age of symptoms beginning in both vCJD and CJD

Answer 6

VCJD: 28
CJD: 68

Question 7

Erythrovirus diseases

Answer 7

Fifth disease (face rash)
Aplastic crisis (sickle cell)
Acute polyarthritis
Spontaneous abortion

Question 8

Pathology of erythrovirus

Answer 8

Kills erythrovirus precursors
1st response: viremia and anemia
2nd response: immune/rash/arthralgia

Question 9

Most common strains of HPV

Answer 9

1-4, 16, 18, 31, 45, 52, 58

Question 10

HPV Pathology

Answer 10

Warts in keratinized skin, hyperplasia, koilocytes, inactive p53

Question 11

HPV diseases

Answer 11

Papillomas, Laryngopapillomas, cervical dysplasia/carcinoma

Question 12

Vaccines for HPV

Answer 12

HPV9, Guardasil, Types 6/11/6 in high risk groups

Question 13

BK and JC epidemiology

Answer 13

Very common latent infection, only causes disease in immunocompromised

Question 14

Where is the BK virus commonly found?

Answer 14

Kidney (associated with UTIs)

Question 15

What disease is associated with JC virus?

Answer 15

Progressive Multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Question 16

Adenovirus transmission

Answer 16

Aerosol and fecal-oral (common in kids and unsanitary conditions)

Question 17

Which virus is heavily used in gene replacement therapy?

Answer 17

Adenovirus

Question 18

What vaccines are used for the adenovirus?

Answer 18

Types 4 and 7 used in military

Question 19

Adenovirus Diseases

Answer 19

Pharyngitis ± pink eye
Acute Respiratory Tract Disease
Colds*
Conjunctivitis/keratoconjunctivitis
GI/diarrhea
Intussusception*

Question 20

What makes HSV a unique virus?

Answer 20

Encodes it’s own DNA polymerase

Question 21

What nerves are typically infected by HSV?

Answer 21

Peripheral sensory nerve ganglia (trigeminal or sacral ganglia)

Question 22

Tzanck smear is used to diagnose what?

Answer 22

HSV to reveal syncytia (giant, multinucleated cell) and Cowdry type A inclusions

Question 23

What is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis?

Answer 23

HSV 1

Question 24

What is the most common cause of postnatal herpes encephalitis?

Answer 24

HSV 2. 15% of newborns die

Question 25

Herpetic Whitlow

Answer 25

Typically HSV 1 on the distal finger

Question 26

Varicella-Zoster virus

Answer 26

Chicken pox in young Shingles in older (16 and up). Reactivation of HHV-3 SandS:papules, pustules, vesticles, shallow ulcer, some adults may get interstitial pneumonia, can be passed prenatally**leading to CNS abnormality

Question 27

What vaccines are used for varicella-zoster?

Answer 27

Varivax (live) and Zostavax (live)

Question 28

Epstein-Barr virus

Answer 28

Targets B cells mitogen (mitosis). T cells resolve the infected B cells, leads to T-cell lymphocytosis (swollen glands/spleen/liver, atypical or Downey cells). Heterophile mononucleosis

Question 29

Diseases caused by EBV

Answer 29

Infectious mononucleosis Laryngitis Hepatitis Encephalitis, aseptic meningitis

Question 30

EBV Cancers

Answer 30

Burkitt's lymphoma (Africa-malaria) Hodgkin's lymphoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Hairy oral leukoplakia (AIDS)

Question 31

Cytomegalovirus

Answer 31

Primarily opportunistic. Can be passed thru the placenta. Owl's-eye cells to dx**. Most common cause of congenital defects

Question 32

CMV diseases

Answer 32

Ctyomegalic inclusion disease Transplant/transfusion infection CMV mono

Question 33

Human lymphotrophic virus

Answer 33

HHV 6/7. High fever with a short lived rash

Question 34

Kaposi's Sarcoma Virus

Answer 34

HHV8. Common in AIDS pts and Mediterranean area.

Question 35

Kaposi's sarcoma disease

Answer 35

Black lesions

Question 36

Variola

Answer 36

Largest human virus. Brick-shaped. | Only DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm

Question 37

Disease caused by variola

Answer 37

Smallpox : crater-form lesions. Eradicated in 1980. Breaks down skin barrier to infection. Dx via Guarneri inclusion body

Question 38

Molluscum Contagiosum Virus

Answer 38

Poxviridae. Typically spread contact. AIDS associated. Cells look like clam shells. Expressible caseous core

Question 39

Animal Pox viruses

Answer 39

Cowpox, Monkeypox, pseudocowpox. Orf (sheep). Self limiting disease.

Question 40

Pathology of Hep B

Answer 40

Tc Cells kill HBsAg expressing hepatocyte. Integrates into hepatocyte DNA in hepatocarcinoma. URQ pain**

Question 41

Diseases caused by Hep B

Answer 41

Type B hepatitis HBV-HDV Co-infection Primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Question 42

What is the caveat for having Hep D?

Answer 42

You must have Hep B to have Hep D. The reverse in not true

Question 43

What causes the yellow skin color in jaundice due to liver failure?

Answer 43

Bilirubin