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An Sci 200 > Intro to Horses > Flashcards

Intro to Horses Flashcards

1
Q

prehistoric eohippus “dawn horse”

A

earliest known ancestor of modern horse
15” tall, no hooves
browser

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2
Q

domestication of horse

A

domesticated in near east
food, work animal

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3
Q

US history of horse

A

early 1500s, horses brought to US by Spanish conquistadors

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4
Q

horse uses

A

travel, field work, war, mail delivery (pony express)

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5
Q

why did horse populations drop between 1915 and 1959

A

invention of motor vehicles

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6
Q

young female

A

filly

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7
Q

young male

A

colt

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8
Q

mature female

A

mare

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9
Q

mature intact male

A

stallion

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10
Q

mature castrate male

A

gelding

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11
Q

young horse of unknown gender

A

foal

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12
Q

how is height measured?

A

by hands, 1 hand=4 inches
measure at withers

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13
Q

basic equine categories

A

draft horses
light horses
ponies
miniatures
asses

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14
Q

draft horses

A

work, pulling things
large muscular

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15
Q

light horses

A

riding, sport
smaller, less muscular

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16
Q

ponies

A

less than 14.2 hands (58 inches)

17
Q

miniature horses

A

small horses, max height 32”

18
Q

asses/donkey

A

close relative of horse
male=jack
feamle=jennet, jenny

19
Q

mule/hinny

A

cross of donkey and horse
reproductively sterile, but visual sex characteristics appear normal

20
Q

zebra crosses

A

zorse
zedonk

21
Q

horse behavior

A

flight response (prey species)
herd animal
dominant hierarchy

22
Q

horse vision

A

monocular and binocular vision
blind spot from behind

23
Q

horse hearing

A

good sense of hearing
ear position indicator of behavior

24
Q

gastrointestinal tract

A

hindgut fermenter: microbial fermentation (cecum) at back of digestive system

25
Q

eating patterns

A

herbivores, grazers
will spend up to 80% of time eating
eats about 2% of body weight every day

26
Q

common horse feeds

A

pasture/hay majority of diet
grains for extra food

27
Q

reproduction

A

seasonally polyestrous
11 month gestation

28
Q

hoof care

A

hoof wall grows 1/4 inch per month
trim feet every 8 weeks
shoes as needed for protection/for show

29
Q

viral diseases

A

influenza
EHV (equine herpes virus)
rabies
mosquito spread diseases (west nile virus)

30
Q

bacterial diseases

A

strangles (respiratory infection)
tetanus
lyme disease

31
Q

fungal diseases

A

ringworm

32
Q

parasites

A

internal and external

33
Q

horse breeds

A

quarter horse: most common
thoroughbred: kentucky derby

34
Q

color breeds

A

appaloosa: spots
pinto/paint: patches

An Sci 200 (43 decks)

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