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Introduction PP Flashcards

1
Q

Independant variable in psychophysiology

A

Psychological variables (ex. memory)

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2
Q

Independent variable in physiological psychology

A

Physiological variables (ex brain stimulation)

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3
Q

Dependent variable in psychophysiology

A

Physiological variables (ex heart rate and skin conductance)

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4
Q

Dependent variable in physiological psychology

A

Psychological variables (ex learning)

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5
Q

Explain Cartesian dualism

A

Physical and mental world -> separate entities
Physical processes were measurable and amenable to scientific laws
Subjective processes were immaterial and not measurable

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6
Q

Who founded the school of reflexology?

A

IM seckedov

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7
Q

What does the school of reflexology believe?

A

Internal experiences or thoughts are caused by sensory stimulation
Brain controls reflexes
Mental processes would control motor activity via simple physical circuit

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8
Q

Who believed physical circuit could not be isolated from the brain’s complex mesh of interconnected neurons?

A

Charles Sherrington

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9
Q

Who integrated physiology and psychology?

A

Donald O Hebb

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10
Q

Who proposed an integrative view of the brain?

A

Jerzy Konorski

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11
Q

What was central to Jerzy Konorski’s approach?

A

The idea of mental representation

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12
Q

4 main areas of the brain

A

Forebrain
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Spinal cord

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13
Q

6 areas of the forebrain

A

Cerebral cortex
Limbic system
Basal ganglia
Hippocampal formation
Medial temporal lobe
Diencephalon

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14
Q

3 areas of the brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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15
Q

9 parts of the limbic system

A

Diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
Cingulate gyrus
Basal ganglia
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Subcallosal gyrus
Dentate gyrus
Fornix

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16
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Area of cell bodies (neurons)

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17
Q

What is white matter?

A

Axon tracts

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18
Q

What are the infolding/ convolutions of the cerebral cortex called?

A

Giri or succi

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19
Q

4 lobes of each hemisphere of the brain

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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20
Q

How many regions of the cerebral cortex did Brodmann identify in 1909?

A

Approximately 52

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21
Q

Functional divisions of the cerebral cortex

A

Motor areas
Prefrontal cortex
Somatosensory areas of parietal lobe
Visual processing areas in occipital lobe
Auditory processing areas of the temporal lobe
Association cortex

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22
Q

2 pathways of the parietal lobe

A

S1 anterolateral system (pain and temperature sense)
S2 medial system (touch, proprioception and movement)

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23
Q

What does the association cortex do?

A

Deals with higher mental processes (composed of regions that receive inputs from one or more modalities)

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24
Q

3 main cerebral arteries

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

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25
Different name for midbrain
Mesencephalon
26
Different name for pons
Metencephalon
27
Different name for medulla
Myelencephalon
28
Which part of the brain is key in maintaining posture, walking and performing coordinate movements?
Cerebellum
29
How many pairs of spinal nerves in the peripheral nervous system
31 pairs of spinal nerves 12 pairs of cranial nerves 43 in total
30
What does the autonomic nervous system regulate and coordinate?
Many important bodily activities (ex body temp, BP, emotional behavior)
31
Main function of autonomic nervous system
Keep content internal body environment in face of internal and external changes
32
3 types of cells the autonomic system involves
Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Glandular (secretory) cells
33
2 main neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system
Acetylcholine Norepinephrine
34
Which control are the sweat glands under?
Cholinergic control
35
What are the adrenal glands controlled by?
Sympathetic nervous system
36
Different name for the sympathetic nervous system
Thoracic-lumbar system
37
How many ganglia make up the sympathetic chain
22
38
39
Why is PNS activity more specific than SNS?
Because PNS ganglia are located near target organ
40
Function of olfactory nerve/bulb
Sensory Upper nasa passage (smell)
41
Function of optic nerve
Sensory Extension of brain tissue
42
Function of oculomotor nerve
Motor Turning of eyes and pupillary contraction Origin: midbrain
43
Function of trochlear nerve
Motor Controls superior oblique eye movements Origin: midbrain
44
Function of trigeminal nerve
Sensory of motor Sense of touch from head Origin: pons-medulla junction in brainstem
45
Function of abducens nerve
Motor Controls up, down, horizontal due movements Origin: pons-medulla junction in brainstem
46
Function of facial nerve
Sensory and motor Conveys taste from front 2/3 of tongue Controls face and scalp muscles and salivary gland secretion Origin: medulla
47
Function of auditory-vestibular nerve
Sensory Hearing and balance Responsible for sense of equilibrium Origin: medulla
48
Function of glossopharyngeal nerve
Sensory and motor Taste from back 1/3 of tongue Motor control of Orans of the throat and salivary glands Origin: thalamus and medulla
49
Function of vagus nerve
Sensory and motor Sensory stimuli from thoracic and abdominal viscera Motor to tongue, heart, smooth muscle of lungs and most abdominal organs Origin: Medulla
50
Function of spinal-accessory nerve
Motor Vocal organs, head and back Origin: medulla
51
Function of Hypoglossal nerve
Motor Muscles of tongue and neck Origin: medulla
52
What is Law of initial values (LIV)?
Psychophysiological concept that focuses on level of pre-stimulus activity for a physiological measure as determinant of the magnitude of a physiological response
53
What is autonomic balance?
Psychophysiological concept that provide (along with A score) a useful mechanism through which the relative dominance of PNS or SNS of individual may be established (ex SNS more involved in anxiety)
54
What is the concept of activation?
Psychophysiological concept that attempts to explain relationship between variations in level of physiological activity and changes in behavior
55
Weakness of the activation concept
Lack of precision an a priori optimal physiological conditions in which level of activation has not been purposely manipulated Failure to consider different patterning of physiological responses in different situations
56
What is the directional fractionation effect?
One physiological measure increases and another decreases simultaneously
57
What is the stimulus response to specificity?
Psychophysiological concept that refers to a pattern of physiological responses specific for a particular stimulus situation
58
What is the cardiac somatic concept?
Psychophysiological concept that states that cardiac response changes are seen as facilitating the preparation for and performance of a behavioral response
59
What are biological manifestations of changes in attention?
Reduction in somatic and cardiac activity
60
What is Hebb's cell assembly theory and ERPs?
Brain theoretical approach to describe how groups of neurons enable learning, perception and cognitions Cell groups are the basic elements for cognitive functions
61
What kind of activity of neurons is measured by EEG
Both excitatory and inhibitory activity by neurons
62
Name of cell body of Neuron
Soma
63
What determines the action of the neurotransmitter?
Nature of the postsynaptic neuron
64
Types of neurotransmitters
Excitatory (ex acetylcholine, serotonin) Inhibitory (ex GABA)

Medical humanities (8 decks)

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