Neuromodulation PP Flashcards
(49 cards)
What can neuroplastic changes be?
Adaptive (helping organism compensate)
Maladaptive (contribute to pathological conditions and disease)
What does cortical reorganization reflect?
Adaptive and maladaptive neuroplastic changes
One of the first to use electrical brain stimulation
Aldini
What is the effects of externally applied electric fields on individual neurons?
Suppression or elicitation respectively f action potential in neuronal elements close to the the electrodes
What is cathodic stimulation
Stimulation proximal to a physical cathode
Who is cortical stimulation commonly used by?
Neurosurgeons during awake craniotomy (to identify sensorimotor cortex and speech areas)
What is subcortical stimulation used to avoid?
Damage to deeper motor pathways during surgery for glioma resection
What does epidural electrode placement force electrical charge to flow through before reaching the cortex?
The dura and cerebrospinal fluid
What does deep brain stimulation involve?
The stereotactic implantation of lead-mounted electrodes into deeper brain structures implicated in the genesis of neurological disease
Targets of DBS for movement disorders
Subthalamic nucleus
Globus pallidus internus
Ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus
Targets for DBS for OCD
Anterior limb of internal capsule
Nucleus accumbent
Inferior thalamic peduncle
What can transcranial magnetic stimulation be used to stimulate?
Neural tissue in a non invasive manner due to lack of resistance to passage of magnetic field across tissue (including skull)
Transcranial magnetic stimulation pulse types
Biphasic pulse - shorter duration
Monophonic pulse
Half-sine pulse
2 types of coils used for transcranial magnetic stimulation
Circular shaped coils
Figure of eight shaped coils
What is the greatest area of application for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation?
Treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders
Which frequency and where has repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation proved efficient?
High freq applied to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Low freq applied to right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
What is transcranial direct current stimulation a method for?
Modifying the behavior of neurons and neural networks using non depolarizing electrical current
Where are the electrodes placed in transcranial direct current stimulation and how many?
2 on the scalp
What can transcranial direct current stimulation produce improvement in?
Cognitive functions such as doing memory
Positive effects of neuromodulation has been found for addiction to
Cocain
Heroin
Meth
Smoking
Alcohol
The parasympathetic nervous system increases
salivary secretion
Who was the first to use electronic instrument to detect lying?
Criminologist Lombroso
What does the Keeler polygraph measure?
Electrodermal activity
Blood pressure
Respiration
Which event related potential has been utilized in detecting deception?
P300