Introduction To Immunology - Bowden Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the major cytokine of lymphocyte synthesis? 9
IL-7
Where are Pro-T and Pro-B cells generated? 10
Red Bone Marrow
What is DiGeorge Syndrome? 11
Deletion of 22q11.21 - 22q11.23
What are the symptoms of DiGeorge Syndrome? 11
Thymic hypoplasia or aplasia
Hypoparathyroidism
Congenital cardiac malformation
Degree of severity depends on degree of thymic loss
What makes a lymphocyte naive? 12
Because they have not encountered antigen yet
What happens if a naive lymphocyte encounters their correspondent Ag (attached to an APC)? 12
They undergo clonal expansion and become activated
What tissue do dendritic cells travel to once bound by Ag? 13
Secondary lymphoid tissue
What cytokines activate a dendritic cell? 13
Acute phase cytokines
IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α
What Ab is passed through to the fetus when in the placenta? What Ab is passed during the first year after birth? 17
Placenta - IgG from maternal circulation
After birth - IgA from breast milk
How do T helper cells actually help macrophages? 19
T helper cells secrete cytokines that enhance and make the macrophages more potent killers
What are the three different types of T helper cells? 20
Th1
Th2
Th17
What cytokines does Th1 secrete? 20
IFNγ (macrophage activation)
IL-12
What cytokines does TH2 secrete? 20
IL-4
IL-5 (eosinophils)
IL-13
What cytokines does TH17 secrete? 20
IL-17A
IL-17F
IL-22 (epithelial barrier maintenance)
What is the action of TH1 cells? 20
Macrophages activation
IgG production
What is the role of TH2 cells? 20
Mast cell activation
Eosinophil activation
IgE production
M2 alternative macrophage activation
What is the role of TH17 cells? 20
Neutrophilic monocytic inflammatory response (antibacterial response)
How do we get Th1 cells? What induces them? 21
Two types of APC (DC and macrophage) secrete IL-12 once they have ingested a pathogen
IL-12 induces a naive T cell to become a TH1
What is happening during a primary immune response? 25
This is the first time the Ag is encountered
Activation of naive cells
generation of memory
Days - weeks
What happens during a secondary immune response? 25
Ag has already been encountered
Memory cells already have been activated
Hours to days?
What is an example of passive immunization? 26
Ex. Introduction of an antibody or antiserum (IV antibiotics)
No memory, but specificity
What is a example of an active immunization? 26
Ex. Introduction of an antigen
Provokes a primary immune response
Has memory
Has specificity
What is an example of a artificial active immunization? 26
Vaccination (with an antigen)
What are the markers for B cells? 27
CD19
CD21
