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BMS 242 Core Physiology and Pharmacology > Introductory Lecture > Flashcards

Introductory Lecture Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What is the main component of the cell membrane

A

proteins

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2
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane

A

divide intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments

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3
Q

Where is the sodium concentration low

A

intracellular fluid

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4
Q

Where is the potassium concentration low

A

extracellular fluid

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5
Q

Why do cells have a high level of phosphate in the intracellular fluid of the cell

A

ATP

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6
Q

What is an important function of calcium

A

secondary messenger

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7
Q

Where is calcium concentration low

A

intracellular fluid

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8
Q

What is sodium important for the function of

A

electrically excitable cells

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9
Q

Which ions concentration can vary between cell types

A

chloride

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10
Q

Which has more proteins - plasma or interstitial fluid

A

plasma

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11
Q

What is an important pH buffer

A

bicarbonate

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12
Q

What is a positively charged ion called

A

cation

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13
Q

Give examples of anions

A

phosphate, chloride, proteins and bicarbonate

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14
Q

Why is transport of solutes and ions important

A

critical for function of all cells

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15
Q

How many pathways of transport are there

A

3

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16
Q

What are the three pathways of transport

A

diffusion, transport proteins, and endocytosis

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17
Q

Example of simple diffusion

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs

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18
Q

What do transport proteins move across the membrane

A

small molecules and ions

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19
Q

Name an example of exocytosis

A

release of neurotransmitters at the synapse

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20
Q

What are the three basic types of protein transporters

A

channel, carrier and pump

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21
Q

True or False - channels are NOT gated

A

false

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22
Q

Name an example of a carrier transporter

A

sodium glucose co transport protein

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23
Q

Name an example of a pump

A

sodium potassium ATPase

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24
Q

Which is a high energy transport protein - channels, carriers or pumps

A

Pumps

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25
What allows pump transport proteins to function
hydrolysation of ATP
26
which transporters are passive
channels and carriers
27
What do channels and carriers require in order to work
driving force
28
What sets up the driving force for channels and carriers
sodium potassium ATPase
29
TRUE or FALSE - sodium moves against its electrochemical gradient into the cell
true
30
True or False - movement of ions by ATPases is fast
false
31
Why is the movement of ions by ATPases slow
ATP requires extra processing
32
How does binding occur in active transport
hydrolysis of ATP leads to conformational change
33
Give an example of a ubiquitous transport protein
sodium potassium ATPase
34
Describe the structure of the sodium potassium ATPase
tetramer with four subunits - 2 alpha, 2 beta
35
How many genes code for the sodium potassium ATPase
2
36
what is the role of the sodium potassium ATPase
maintain a low intracellular sodium concentration, small contribution to resting membrane potential
37
electrogenic definition
charge generating or carry
38
True or False - ALL ion channels are electrogenic
true
39
what can a driving force be
conc grad, potential grad, or both
40
Name some carriers undergo facilitated diffusion
NKCC2, Sodium glucose co transport protein, NaPII
41
Example of secondary active transport protein
sodium glucose co-transport protein
42
meaning of secondary active transport protein
dependant on an ATP process, doesnt use ATP itself
43
Effect of blocking sodium potassium ATPase
inhibition of sodium and glucose into the cell
44
Why does the rate of uptake plateau in the saturation curve
maximum number of transport proteins at full capacity
45
Describe a symporter
transports two ions in the same direction
46
Describe an antiporter
transports two ions in different directions
47
How can you study ion channel function
studying the current generated by ions moving through ion channels
48
Describe the movement of ions through ion channels
through a pore down an electrochemical gradient
49
Which is the fastest transport protein
ion channels
50
How are ion channels divided
selectivity
51
What did Nehr and Sakman do
patch clamp technique - nobel prize
52
What does the patch-clamp technique allow
directly measure the function of ion channels
53
What are the components of the patch clamp technique
silver chlorided electrode, salt solution
54
What is cell attached configuration
high resistance seal between membrane and glass
55
What does the patch clamp technique allow
identification of channels in a membrane, their regulation and their function
56
what can the patch clamp technique allow us to study
mutations
57
What does whole cell configuration allow you to measure
ion flow through channels on the whole cell
58
What does whole cell configuration allow
clamping of the potential membrane of the cell
59
What does open probability vary from
0 to 1
60
What does 0 open probability mean
channel is closed all the time, never opens
61
What is the effect of regulating the open probability
regulates current flow
62
Name the structural families of the channels
Ach receptors, voltage gated potassium channel family, voltage gated sodium spanning unit, Kir, CFTR Cl- channel
63
Which structural families do not have a pore domain
Ach receptor, CFTR Cl- channel
64
Describe the structure of the K+ channel
crystal structure, 4 subunits with central pore down the middle
65
How many ions are in the K+ channel pore at one time
always more than one

BMS 242 Core Physiology and Pharmacology (13 decks)

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