Iodine

Question 1

What form is the functional form of iodine

Answer 1

Iodide I-

Question 2

sources of iodine

Answer 2

seafood, dairy, eggs, salt

Question 3

iodide is absorbed throughout the

Answer 3

stomach and intestines (~100%)

Question 4

70-80 % of bodys iodine concentration is in the

Answer 4

thyroid gland

Question 5

there is a 40-50 x higher iodine concentration in ___ than blood

Answer 5

thyroid cells

Question 6

True or False: Iodine requires a sodium dependent active transport system

Answer 6

true

Question 7

functions of iodine

Answer 7

component of thyroid hormones

the formation of thyroid hormones

Question 8

what are the the thyroid hormones iodine is a component of

Answer 8

thyroxine and triiodothryronine

Question 9

what do thyroxine and triiodothryronine do

Answer 9

BMR, O2 cons, heat
nervous sys dev
growth
organs
antimicrobial

Question 10

______ actively take up iodide through an Na+/K+- ATPase pump

Answer 10

thyroid cells

Question 11

iodide is oxidized to what

Answer 11

iodine bound to tyrosine residue on thyroglobulin

Question 12

iodine bound to tyrosine residue on thyroglobulin form what

Answer 12

thyroglobulin monoiodotyrosine (Thg-MIT)

Question 13

Thg MIT + another iodine =

Answer 13

Thg DIT

Question 14

2 ThgDIT =

Answer 14

T4

Question 15

DIT + MIT =

Answer 15

T3

Question 16

iodine is primarily excreted through the

Answer 16

kidneys - there is no mechanism kidneys to conserve iodide

Question 17

Iodine deficiency is common in what part of the world

Answer 17

asia, africa

Question 18

why is iodine deficiency low in NAmerica

Answer 18

iodized salt

Question 19

who has an increased risk of deficiency

Answer 19

vegan/vegetarian

mothers who smoke

Question 20

what is a goitrogen

Answer 20

substance that interferes with iodine metabolism and inhibit thyroid hormone production

Question 21

what are some examples of goitrogens

Answer 21

• halide ions, thiocyanate, perchlorate
• lithium
  polycyclic hydrocarbons and phenol compounds
• plants - brassica, soy, millet, cassava

Question 22

what is a goiter

Answer 22

enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 23

goiters are most often due to

Answer 23

overstimulation of thyroid gland by TSH
iodine deficiency ( or ingestion of goitrogen)

Question 24

what is crentism

Answer 24

caused by untreated congential deficiency of thyroid horomones

Question 25

what causes crentism

Answer 25

maternal iodine deficiency

Question 26

what two types of crentism are there

Answer 26

neurological | hypothyroid

Question 27

signs and sx of neurological crentism

Answer 27

``` short stature MR hearing loss, deaf, mute spastic/ rigid mm caused by iodine def in 1 +2 trimester ```

Question 28

signs and sx of hypothyroid crentism

Answer 28

short MR hypothyroidism caused by iodine def in 3 trimester + several years following

Question 29

clinical indications of iodine supplementation

Answer 29

treatment of fibrocystic breast changes

Question 30

what is lugols solution

Answer 30

combination of iodine and potassium

Question 31

signs and sx of iodine toxicity

Answer 31

- burning mouth, throat, ST - incr saliva, swelling of salivary glands - metallic taste - severe headache - acne form rash - thyroid dysfunction - pulmonary edema - lymphadenopathy - N/V/D - thin hair

Question 32

NaCl ______ iodine excretion

Answer 32

increases

Question 33

______ is required for the conversion of T3- T4

Answer 33

Selenium

Question 34

_____ inhibits absorption of iodine

Answer 34

calcium

Question 35

_____ is associated with decrease iodine uptake by thyroid glands

Answer 35

vitamin A

Question 36

Thyroid function tests what

Answer 36

TSH T3 T4