Magnesium

Question 1

over 60% of mg in the body is located in the____

25% is located in the___

Answer 1

bones

muscle

Question 2

sources

Answer 2

nuts seeds, legumes, whole grains, corn, carrots, black strap molasses, dairy, chocolate, cocoa, tea, coffee

Question 3

magnesium is absorbed in the ____

Answer 3

small intestine (primarily in the distal jejunum and ileum)

Question 4

magnesium can be absorbed by ___ pathways

Answer 4

2

Question 5

a saturable carrier mediated active traansporter helps absorb magnesium when intake is ___, this route is stimulated by____

Answer 5

low

vitamin D

Question 6

passive diffusion helps absorb magnesium when intake is___

Answer 6

highe

Question 7

factors that enhance magnesium absorption

Answer 7

vitamin d

simple sugars

Question 8

factors that inhibit magnesium absorption

Answer 8

phytates
fiber
excesive unabsorbed fatty acids
minerals- Ca and K

Question 9

magnesium is transported in the blood in what three forms

Answer 9

free ionized
bound to protein
complexed with other ions

Question 10

PTH _____ plasma concentration of Mg

Answer 10

increases

Question 11

how does PTH increase plasma concentrations of Mg

Answer 11

increases intestinal absorption
decreases renal excretion
enhances bone resorption

Question 12

functions of magnesium

Answer 12

energy production
structural role
ion transport across membranes
cell signalling

Question 13

magnesium participates as a cofactor in all aspects of energy metabolism including

Answer 13

glycolysis
beta-oxidation
TCA cycle

Question 14

____exists primarily as a complex with Mg

Answer 14

ATP

Question 15

60% of the magnesium in the body is associated with ___ and ___ as part of the bone crystal matrix

Answer 15

calcium

phosphorous

Question 16

magnesium is required for the active transport of ions including ____ and ____ across cell membranes

Answer 16

potassium

calcium

Question 17

magnesium affects the conduction of

Answer 17

nerve impulses
muscle contraction
blood vessel dilation
normal heart rhythm

Question 18

cell signaling requires Mg-ATP for the phosphorylation of proeins and the formation of the cell signaling molecule _____

Answer 18

cAMP

Question 19

cAMP is involved in the secretion of ___ from the parathyroid gland

Answer 19

PTH

Question 20

Mg is excreted primarily in the

Answer 20

urine and feces

Question 21

True or False, magnesium cannot be lost in perspiration

Answer 21

False

Question 22

conditions increase the risk of magnesium deficiency

Answer 22

malabsorption syndromes
renal disorders
chronic alcoholism
elderly

Question 23

S&S of deficiency

Answer 23

hypomagnesemia
hypocalcemia, hypokalemia
retention of Na
low PTH
mm tremor, spasm, cramps, tetany
chest tightness, SOB
palp and cardiac arrhyth
loss of appetite, n/v
anxiety, panic, depression, fatigue, insomnia

Question 24

clinical indications for Mg supplementation

Answer 24

hypertension

migraine headaches

Question 25

_____ is a relatively common dose-related side effect of Mg supplementation

Answer 25

diarrhea

Question 26

individuals with _____ are at higher risk for adverse effects from excess supplemental mg intake

Answer 26

renal impairment

Question 27

hypermagnesemia results in_____

Answer 27

hypotension

Question 28

severe hypermagnesemia may result in _____

Answer 28

cardiac arrest

Question 29

CI of Mg

Answer 29

``` hypermagenesemia end stage renal dz myasthenia gravis UTI * caution with hyperparathyroidsism ```

Question 30

high ___ intake may decrease tissue levels of mg

Answer 30

calcium

Question 31

magnesium is needed for ____ secretion

Answer 31

PTH

Question 32

high levels of ____ inhibit release of PTH

Answer 32

Mg

Question 33

hydroxylation of _____ in the liver requires Mg

Answer 33

Vit D

Question 34

magnesium is essential for the cellular uptake of ___ from the blood

Answer 34

potassium

Question 35

high doses of ____ in supplemental form interfere with the absorption of mg

Answer 35

zinc

Question 36

____ increases the cellular uptake of MG

Answer 36

vitamin b6

Question 37

large doses of ____ may increase the need for magnesium

Answer 37

thiamine