Ionic gradients and membrane potential

Question 1

What is the three components of this process?

Answer 1

1. Ion Distribution: Cell membrane separates the internal environment from the surrounding environment ->
   - The outside of the cell (ECF) has a lot of SODIUM (NA+) and chloride (CI-) ions
   - The inside of the cell (CYTOSOL) has more POTASSIUM (K+) ions
2. Charge difference: Because of the ion distribution, the inside of the cell is more negatively charged compared to the outside. At rest, this difference in charge is called the resting membrane potential, typically around -70 mV (millivolts)
3. Changing charge: When the cell allows certain ions to move in or out, this changes the cell’s charge.
   - If more K+ ions leave the cell, the inside becomes even more negative
   - If more Na+ ions enter the cell, the inside becomes more positive

Question 1

What is the purpose of Ionic gradients & membrane potential in Neurol Pathophysiology?

Answer 1

The balance of ions (charged particles) on either side of a cell’s membrane creates an electrical charge, which is important for nerve cells (neurons) to work correctly

Question 2

Why does this matter?

Answer 2

This movement of ions and the resulting changes in charge are essential for neurons to send signals. For example, when a neuron sends a signal, the membrane potential shifts temporarily, which helps carry the message along the neuron.

Question 3

What is the pathophysiology of this?

Answer 3

In neurological conditions, if the ion balance or membrane potential is disrupted, it can lead to problems in how neurons communicate, potentially causing symptoms or impairments in nerve function.