Joints Flashcards
(17 cards)
What’s a joint?
A joint is where two or more bones meet and muscles act together to cause movement.
Define articulation
A place where two or more bones meet to form a joint.
What is fibrous?
Immovable - no movement between bones. E.g. between teeth and jaw bone.
What is cartilaginous?
Slightly movable - only a little movement can take place between two bones. E.g. vertebral column.
What is synovial?
*ball and socket
*hinge
*pivot
*condyloid/ellipsoid
*saddle
*gliding
Freely movable - considerable movement between two bones for example: knee joint
Define cartilage
A material that covers the end of each bone, prevents friction between bones.
Define synovial membrane
Inner lining of the joint capsule which also produces synovial fluid.
Synovial cavity/fluid
Surrounds the joint and acts like an ‘oil’, lubricating it to allow easy movement.
Joint capsule
Fibroelastic tissue that envelope joint.
Synovial joints
answer here.
Ball & socket joints
In ball and socket joints, a ball shaped head fits into a socket allowing motion in three planes. Example: shoulder joint.
Joint Actions (All Planes):
Flexion, Extension
Adduction, Abduction
Internal Rotation, External Rotation
Horizontal Abduction, Horizontal Adduction
Hinge joints
In hinge joints, a spool-shaped surface fits into a concave surface allowing motion in one plane.Example: Elbow (humeroulnar)
Joint Actions (Sagittal Plane only):
Flexion
Extension
Pivot joints
In pivot joints, an arch or ring shaped surface rotates about a rounded pivot allowing motion in one plane. Example: upper radioulnar joint upper arm.
Joint Actions (Transverse Plane):
Internal Rotation, External Rotation
Pronation, Supination
Gliding/plane joints
In gliding joints, flat or slightly curved surfaces come together allowing slight sliding motions that do not occur around an axis. Example:carpal joints of the wrist.
Joint Actions (All Planes - in small amounts):
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction
Internal Rotation, External Rotation
Pronation, Supination
Elevation, Depression
Upward Rotation, Downward Rotation
Ellipsoid/Condyloid Joints
In condyloid or ellipsoid joints, an oval-shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity allowing motion in two planes. Example: thumb (first carpometacarpal joint in wrist).
Joint Actions (Sagittal and Frontal):
Flexion, Extension
Abduction, Adduction
Saddle joints
In saddle joints, a saddle-shaped bone fits into a socket that is concave-convex in the opposite direction allowing motion in two planes. Example: thumb (first carpometacarpal).
1st CMC (Sagittal and Frontal) Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction.
SC Joint (Frontal and Transverse) Elevation, Depression.
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