Muscular System Pt 1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Define skeletal muscle
A voluntary muscle attached to bones and causes movement of the skeleton.
Define smooth muscle
An involuntary muscle found in the walls of internal organs, helping move substances through the body.
Define cardiac muscle
An involuntary, striated muscle found only in the heart, responsible for pumping blood.
Order of the stimulus thing
Stimulus - receptor - sensory neuron - relay neuron - motor neuron - effector - response.
What are reflex actions?
Reflexes are fast, automatic actions that protect you from danger without needing brain input.
MUSCLE STRUCTURE: muscle belly
The fleshy part of the muscle.
MUSCLE STRUCTURE: muscle origin
The part where the muscle attaches to the bone, usually at a fixed point.
MUSCLE STRUCTURE: muscle insertion
Where the muscle becomes a tendon and attaches to the bone that moves most.
MUSCLE STRUCTURE: muscle head
The beginning of the muscle belly at the origin.
Define epimysium
A connective tissue sheath that surrounds each muscle.
Define bone
Serves as an attachment point and lever that muscles pull on to produce movement.
Define perimysium
Connective tissue that surrounds and groups muscle fibres into bundles called fascicles.
Define blood vessels
Supplies oxygen, nutrients and remove waste to support muscle function and endurance.
Define muscles fibre
Long, cylindrical cell in skeletal muscle that contracts to produce movement.
Define fascicle
Bundle of muscle fibres surrounded by the perimysium, in the skeletal muscle.
Define endomysium
Thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds and protects individual muscle fibres.
Define slow twitch
Slow twitch (red) muscle fibres contract slowly, resist fatigue, and are suited for endurance activities like marathon running.
*They are called red, due to the large supply of blood capillaries, which make them red in colour.
Define fast twitch
Fast twitch (white) muscle fibres contract quickly, tire fast, and are suited for short, powerful activities like shot put.
Can we change the amount of red and white muscle fibres?
Percentage of red and white muscle fibres is determined by heredity. Training can improve the performance of muscles by increasing size and capacity.
How do muscles work with the skeletal system to create movement?
They work together through tendons to create movement, muscles contract, pulling on tendons, which pulls on bones, causing them to move at joints.
